āļ´āļ§ුāļą
1. āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļ āļොāļ§āˇ් āˇāˇ
āļāˇාāļēේ āˇැāļ¯āļāļ්āļāļ¸්
āļ¸āˇ් āļ´ුāˇāļģු⎠(Motherboard)
āļ¸āˇ් āļ´ුāˇāļģු⎠(Motherboard) āˇැāļ¯āļāļ්āļāļ¸
āļ¸āˇ් āļ´ුāˇāļģුāˇේ (Motherboard) āļොāļ§āˇ් āˇāˇ
āļāˇාāļēේ āļාāļģ්āļēāļēāļą්
āļ¸āˇ් āļ´ුāˇāļģුāˇේ (Motherboard) āˇි āļāļි Ports āˇāˇ āļāˇාāļēේ āļාāļģ්āļēāļēāļą්
Serial Port āļāļāļ§ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļāˇ
āˇැāļි āļāļ´ාංāļ
AC'97 Compliant Pin Definition
Coaxial Digital Port / Coaxial SPDIF
Port āļēāļąු āļුāļ¸āļ්āļ¯?
9. VGA Port — Video Graphics Array
10. DVI Port — Digital Visual Interface
12. DisplayPort — āļąāˇීāļą āˇීāļŠිāļēෝ
āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļą āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļē
13. Composite Video Port — āļāļිāˇාāˇāļē āˇāˇ
āˇිāˇේāˇාංāļ
14. S-Video Port (Separate Video Port)
17. Fiber Optic Network Port | āˇāļēිāļļāļģ් āļāļ´්āļ§ිāļ් āļĸාāļŊ āļ´ෝāļģ්āļ§්
18. eSATA Port | āļļාāˇිāļģ SATA āļ´ෝāļģ්āļ§්
19. Power eSATA | eSATAp Port (External SATA + Power)
21. Wireless Port | āļģැāˇැāļą් āļģāˇිāļ āļ´ෝāļģ්āļ§්
āˇැāļŗිāļą්āˇීāļ¸
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āļ
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āļ¯ āļēුāļāļēේ āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļē āļēāļąු āˇāļģāļŊ āļāļĢāļąāļē āļිāļģීāļ¸ේ āļ¸ෙāˇāļŊāļ¸āļ්
āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļ් āļąොāˇ,
āļĸාāļ්āļēāļą්āļāļģ āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļąāļē, āļොāļģāļුāļģු āļāˇ
āļ¸āļąාāļāļģāļĢāļē, āˇāˇ āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢාāļ්āļ¸āļ āļාāļģ්āļēāļēāļą් āˇāļŗāˇා āļ
āļ්āļēāˇāˇ්āļē
āļāļ´ාංāļāļēāļි. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļē āļļාāˇිāļģ āļāļ´ාංāļ āˇා āļĸාāļŊ āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļි āˇāļ¸āļ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āˇීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා āļˇාāˇිāļ āˇāļą
āļ¸ූāļŊිāļ āļ
ංāļāļēāļ් āˇāļą්āļąේ Ports āļē. Ports
āļ¸āļිāļą් āļ¯āļ්āļ, āˇ්āļģāˇ්āļē, āļ¯ෘāˇ්āļē,
āˇāˇ āˇිāļ¯ුāļŊිāļļāļŊāļē āˇැāļąි
āļොāļģāļුāļģු āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģේāˇāļĢāļē āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇිāļ¯ු āˇේ.
āļ¸ෙāļ¸ assignment āļāļේ āļ
āļģāļ¸ුāļĢ āˇāļą්āļąේ āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļ Ports āļ´ිāˇ
ිāļļāļŗ āļ¸ූāļŊිāļ āļ
āˇāļļෝāļ°āļēāļ් āļŊāļļා āļ¯ීāļ¸, āļāˇාāļēේ āˇāļģ්āļ, āļාāļģ්āļēāļˇාāļģ, āˇāˇ āļˇාāˇිāļා
āˇāļą āļ්āˇේāļ්āļģ āļ´ිāˇ
ිāļļāļŗ āˇිāˇ්āļāļģාāļ්āļ¸āļ āˇිāļ¸āˇුāļ¸āļ් āļāļ¯ිāļģිāļ´āļ් āļිāļģීāļ¸āļēි. āļාāļ්āˇāļĢිāļ āļ
āļ°්āļēාāļ´āļąāļēේāļ¯ී
āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ¯ැāļąුāļ¸ āˇිāˇේāˇāļēෙāļą් āˇැāļ¯āļāļ් āˇāļą āļ
āļāļģ, āˇිāˇුāļą්āļ§ āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļ āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļි āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļēෙāļą් āļැāļšුāļģු āļ
āˇāļļෝāļ°āļēāļ් āļŊāļļා āļ¯ීāļ¸āļ§ āļāļ´āļාāļģී āˇේ.
1. āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļ āļොāļ§āˇ් āˇāˇ āļāˇාāļēේ āˇැāļ¯āļāļ්āļāļ¸්
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āļ´ |
āļģිāļāļĢāļāļēāļ්
āļ්āļģිāļēාāļ්āļ¸āļ āˇීāļ¸āļ§ āļ
āˇāˇ්āļē āļ¸ූāļŊිāļ āļොāļ§āˇ් āļිāˇිāļ´āļēāļ් āļāļ. āļāļ් āļāļ් āļොāļ§āˇāļ්āļ¸ āˇිāˇේāˇිāļ
āļාāļģ්āļēāļēāļ් āļāļ§ු āļāļģāļēි, āˇāˇ āļāˇා āļāļāļ§ āļ්āļģිāļēා āļිāļģීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļē āˇāļ¸්āļ´ූāļģ්āļĢ āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļිāļēāļ් āļļāˇāļ§ āļ´āļ්āˇේ.
āļ¸ූāļŊිāļ
āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļ āļොāļ§āˇ් āˇāˇ āļāˇාāļēේ āļාāļģ්āļēāļˇාāļģāļē
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āļොāļ§āˇ |
āļාāļģ්āļēāļē |
āˇැāļ¯āļāļ්āļāļ¸ |
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CPU (Central Processing Unit) |
āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļēේ
"āļ¸ොāˇ
āļē" āļŊෙ⎠āļ්āļģිāļēා āļāļģāļēි. āˇිāļēāļŊු āļāļ´āļ¯ෙāˇ් āˇැāļāˇීāļ¸ āˇāˇ āļ්āļģිāļēාāļ්āļ¸āļ āļිāļģීāļ¸ |
āˇිāļēāļŊුāļ¸
āļ්āļģිāļēාāˇāļą් āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļāļģāļēි. CPU āļąැāļි⎠āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļē āļ්āļģිāļēා āļąොāļāļģāļēි |
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Motherboard |
āˇිāļēāļŊු
āļොāļ§āˇ් āļāļāļ§ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļāļģāļēි |
āˇිāļ¯ුāļŊිāļē
āļļෙāļ¯ාāļ¯ීāļ¸, āļ¯āļ්āļ
āˇුāˇāļ¸ාāļģුāˇ, hardware āļāļāļ§ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļාāˇāļē |
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RAM (Random Access Memory) |
āļාāˇāļාāļŊිāļ
āļ¸āļāļāļē – āļ්āļģිāļēාāļ්āļ¸āļ āˇāļą āˇැāļŠāˇāļ§āˇāļą් āˇāļŗāˇා |
āˇැāļŠāˇāļ§āˇāļą්
āˇේāļāļēෙāļą් āļ්āļģිāļēා āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා āļ
āļ්āļēāˇāˇ්āļēāļēි |
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Storage (HDD/SSD) |
āļ¯āļ්āļ, āˇැāļŠāˇāļ§āˇāļą්, OS āļāļ¯ිāļē āˇ්āļŽිāļģ⎠āļāļļා āļැāļąීāļ¸ |
āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļē
āļąැāˇāļ āļāļģāļ¸්āļˇ āļāˇ
āļ් āļ¯āļ්āļ āļāļļා āļැāļąේ |
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GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) |
āļ¯ෘāˇ්āļē
āļ¯āļ්āļ āˇැāļāˇීāļ¸ – 2D/3D rendering |
Video games,
graphic design, video editing āˇāļŗāˇා āļ
āļ්āļēāˇāˇ්āļēāļēි |
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Power Supply Unit (PSU) |
āˇිāļ¯ුāļŊිāļē
AC → DC āļļāˇāļ§ āļ´āļģිāˇāļģ්āļāļąāļē āļāļģ āļොāļ§āˇ් āˇෙāļ āļļෙāļ¯ාāļ¯ීāļ¸ |
āˇිāļēāļŊු
āļොāļ§āˇ් āļ්āļģිāļēාāļ්āļ¸āļ āˇීāļ¸āļ§ āˇිāļ¯ුāļŊිāļē āļ
āˇāˇ්āļēāļēි |
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Input Devices (Keyboard, Mouse) |
āļ´āļģිāˇීāļŊāļāļēාāļේ
āļāļ´āļ¯ෙāˇ් āļŊāļļාāļ¯ීāļ¸ |
āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļē
āˇāļ¸āļ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āˇීāļ¸āļ§ |
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Output Devices (Monitor, Printer) |
āļ´්āļģāļිāļĩāļŊ
āļ´ෙāļą්āˇීāļ¸ |
āļ´āļģිāˇීāļŊāļāļēාāļ§
āļ¯āļ්āļ āļ¯ැāļීāļ¸ āˇāˇ āļ¸ුāļ¯්āļģāļĢāļē |
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Cooling System (Fans, Heat sinks) |
āļāˇ්āļĢāļ්āˇāļē
āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļē āļිāļģීāļ¸ |
āļāļĢුāˇුāļ¸
āˇැāļŠි āˇීāļ¸ෙāļą් hardware āˇාāļąි āˇිāļē āˇැāļිāļēි |
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Computer Case |
āˇිāļēāļŊු
āļොāļ§āˇ් āļāļģāļ්āˇා āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇāˇ āˇāˇි āļිāļģීāļ¸ |
Physical safety,
airflow, aesthetics |
āļ¸āˇ් āļ´ුāˇāļģු⎠(Motherboard)
āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļēේ āļ¸ූāļŊිāļāļ¸ āˇāˇ āļ
āļ්āļēāˇāˇ්āļēāļ¸ āļොāļ§āˇāļි. āļāļē āˇිāļēāļŊුāļ¸ hardware āļොāļ§āˇ් āļāļāļ§ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļāļģāļą āļ¸ූāļŊිāļ āļ´āļģිāļ´āļŽ āļ´ුāˇāļģු⎠āļŊෙ⎠āļ්āļģිāļēා āļāļģāļēි.
āļ¸āˇ් āļ´ුāˇāļģු⎠(Motherboard) āļ´්āļģāļ°ාāļą āļාāļģ්āļēāļēāļą්
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āļාāļģ්āļēāļē |
āˇිāˇ්āļāļģ |
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āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļාāˇāļē |
CPU, RAM, Storage,
GPU, Input/Output devices āˇැāļąි āˇිāļēāļŊු āļ¸ āļොāļ§āˇ් āļāļāļ§ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļāļģāļēි |
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āˇිāļ¯ුāļŊි
āļļāļŊ āļļෙāļ¯ාāļ¯ීāļ¸ |
Power Supply āļāļෙāļą් āļŊැāļļෙāļą āˇිāļ¯ුāļŊිāļē CPU, RAM, GPU āˇැāļąි āļොāļ§āˇ් āˇෙāļ āļļෙāļ¯ාāļ¯ෙāļēි |
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āļ¯āļ්āļ āˇුāˇāļ¸ාāļģු⎠|
āļ¯āļ්āļ
buses āˇāļģāˇා
āļොāļ§āˇ් āļ
āļāļģ āļ¯āļ්āļ āˇුāˇāļ¸ාāļģු⎠āˇිāļ¯ු āļāļģāļēි (āļāļ¯ා: CPU ↔ RAM ↔ Storage) |
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āˇිāˇ්āļාāļģāļ āˇැāļිāļēා⎠|
Expansion slots
(PCIe, M.2) āˇāļģāˇා graphics cards,
Wi-Fi cards, SSDs āˇැāļąි āļ
āļ¸āļāļģ āļොāļ§āˇ් āļāļāļු āļāˇ
āˇැāļ |
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Port āˇāˇ
Socket |
USB, HDMI,
Ethernet, Audio ports āˇāˇ RAM/CPU sockets āˇāļ´āļēāļēි |
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BIOS/UEFI āˇāˇ POST |
āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļē
āļāļģāļ¸්āļˇ āˇāļą āˇිāļ§ hardware āļ´āļģීāļ්āˇා āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇāˇ OS āļāļ load āļිāļģීāļ¸
āˇāļŗāˇා BIOS/UEFI āļˇාāˇිāļා āļāļģāļēි |
āļ¸āˇ් āļ´ුāˇāļģු⎠(Motherboard) āˇැāļ¯āļāļ්āļāļ¸
- āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļēේ "āļ¸ූāļŊිāļ āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸" āļŊෙāˇ
āļ්āļģිāļēා āļāļģāļēි – āļ¸āˇ් āļ´ුāˇāļģු⎠(Motherboard) āļąැāļි⎠āļ¯ෘāļĒාංāļ (hardware)
āļ්āļģිāļēා āļąොāļāļģāļēි.
- āļāˇāˇ් āļිāļģීāļ¸ේ āˇැāļිāļēා⎠– RAM,
GPU, SSD āˇැāļąි
āļොāļ§āˇ් āļāļ¯ිāļģිāļēāļ§ āļāˇāˇ් āļිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ¸āˇ් āļ´ුāˇāļģු⎠(Motherboard) āˇි compatibility āˇැāļ¯āļāļ් āˇේ.
- System stability – āļ¸āˇ් āļ´ුāˇāļģු⎠(Motherboard) āˇි āļුāļĢාāļ්āļ¸āļ āļˇාāˇāļē āļ
āļąුāˇ
āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļē āˇිāˇ්āˇාāˇāļ¯ාāļēāļ ⎠āļ්āļģිāļēා āļāļģāļēි.
- āļāļĢුāˇුāļ¸ āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļē – heat
sinks āˇāˇ
fan connectors motherboard āļ¸āļ āļāļි āļąිāˇා cooling
system āļāļ
āˇා āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āˇේ
āļ¸āˇ් āļ´ුāˇāļģුāˇේ (Motherboard) āļොāļ§āˇ් āˇāˇ āļāˇාāļēේ āļාāļģ්āļēāļēāļą්
āļ¸āˇ් āļ´ුāˇāļģුāˇේ (Motherboard) āļුāˇ
āļāļි āļොāļ§āˇ් āļļොāˇෝāļ¸āļēāļ් āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļēේ āļ¯ෘāļĒාංāļ (hardware) āļŊෙ⎠āļ්āļģිāļēා āļāļģāļēි. āļ¸ෙāˇි āļ´්āļģāļ°ාāļą āļොāļ§āˇ් āˇāˇ āļāˇාāļēේ āļාāļģ්āļēāļēāļą් āļ´āˇāļ āļ´āļģිāļ¯ි āˇේ:
āļ¸āˇ්
āļ´ුāˇāļģුāˇේ āļ´්āļģāļ°ාāļą āļොāļ§āˇ්
|
āļොāļ§āˇ |
āļාāļģ්āļēāļē |
|
CPU Socket |
Processor āļāļ āˇāˇි āļāļģāļą āˇ්āļŽාāļąāļē. CPU āļāļ āļ¸āˇ් āļ´ුāˇāļģුāˇේ (Motherboard) āļ§
āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļāļģāļēි |
|
Chipset (Northbridge/Southbridge) |
CPU, RAM, Storage,
GPU āļ
āļāļģ āļ¯āļ්āļ āļāļ¸āļą් āļිāļģීāļ¸ āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļē āļāļģāļēි |
|
RAM Slots |
Temporary memory
modules (RAM) āˇāˇි āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා |
|
Power Connectors |
Power Supply āļāļෙāļą් āļ¸āˇ් āļ´ුāˇāļģුāˇේ (Motherboard) āļ§
āˇිāļ¯ුāļŊිāļē āļŊāļļාāļ¯ෙāļēි |
|
PCIe Slots |
Graphics cards,
Wi-Fi cards, sound cards āˇැāļąි expansion cards āˇāˇි āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා |
|
SATA/M.2 Connectors |
SSDs, HDDs, Optical
Drives āˇැāļąි storage devices āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා |
|
BIOS/UEFI Chip |
āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļē
āļāļģāļ¸්āļˇ āˇāļą āˇිāļ§ hardware āļ´āļģීāļ්āˇා āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇāˇ OS load āļිāļģීāļ¸ |
|
CMOS Battery |
BIOS settings āļාāˇāļාāļŊිāļ⎠āļāļļා āļැāļąීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා āˇිāļ¯ුāļŊි āļļāļŊāļē āˇāļ´āļēāļēි |
|
I/O Ports (USB, HDMI, Ethernet) |
Input/output
devices āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා |
|
Heat Sinks/Fan Headers |
āļāˇ්āļĢāļ්āˇāļē
āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļē āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා cooling system āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļāļģāļēි |
|
Jumpers & DIP Switches |
Hardware
configuration settings āˇෙāļąāˇ් āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා |
|
Clock Generator |
CPU āˇāˇ RAM āˇāļŗāˇා
timing signals āļąිāļ´āļ¯āˇāļēි |
āļ¸āˇ් āļ´ුāˇāļģුāˇේ (Motherboard) āˇි āļāļි Ports āˇāˇ āļāˇාāļēේ āļාāļģ්āļēāļēāļą්
āļ¸āˇ් āļ´ුāˇāļģුāˇේ (Motherboard) āˇි ports āļēāļąු āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļē āˇāˇ āļļාāˇිāļģ āļāļ´ාංāļ āļ
āļāļģ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļාāˇāļē
āļāļි āļāļģāļą āˇ්āļŽාāļą āˇේ. āļ¸ෙāˇැāļąි ports āļ¸āļිāļą් input/output devices, storage
devices, display units, audio systems āˇැāļąි āļāļ´ාංāļ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°
āļāļģāļēි.
āļ´්āļģāļ°ාāļą
Motherboard Ports āˇāˇ āļāˇාāļēේ āļාāļģ්āļēāļēāļą්
|
Port |
āļාāļģ්āļēāļē |
|
HDMI Port |
Digital video āˇāˇ audio output āļāļāļ් āļŊෙ⎠HDTVs, monitors,
projectors āˇැāļąි devices āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļāļģāļēි |
|
VGA Port |
Analog video output
– āļ´ැāļģāļĢි monitors āˇāˇ projectors āˇāļŗāˇා |
|
USB Ports (2.0 / 3.0 / 3.1 / Type-C) |
Pen drives,
keyboards, mice, printers, mobile devices āˇැāļąි
peripherals āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°
āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා |
|
RJ-45 LAN Port |
Ethernet cable āļ¸āļිāļą් internet/network āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļාāˇāļē |
|
Audio Ports (3.5mm jacks) |
Speakers,
microphones, headphones āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා |
|
Optical S/PDIF Port |
High-quality
digital audio output – home theater systems āˇāļŗāˇා |
|
PS/2 Ports |
āļ´ැāļģāļĢි
keyboards āˇāˇ
mice āˇāļŗāˇා (āļ´ැāˇැāļē āļ
āļąුāˇ: Keyboard – Purple, Mouse – Green) |
|
FireWire (IEEE 1394) |
High-speed data
transfer – audio/video equipment āˇāļŗāˇා (āļ
āļ¯ āļˇාāˇිāļāļē
āļ
āļŠුāļēි) |
|
eSATA Port |
External hard
drives āˇāļŗāˇා āˇේāļāˇāļ් data transfer |
|
DVI Port |
Digital video
output – LCD monitors āˇāļŗāˇා |
|
Thunderbolt Port (āˇāļ¸āˇāļģ motherboards) |
Ultra-fast data,
video, and power transfer – high-end devices āˇāļŗāˇා |
1. PS/2 Key Board Port
2.
PS/2 Mouse Port
PS/2 port āļēāļąු āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļē āˇāļ¸āļ keyboard āˇāˇ mouse āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļˇාāˇිāļා āļāļģāļą
mini-DIN 6-pin connector āļāļāļි. āļ¸ෙāļē 1987 āļ¯ී IBM āˇāļ¸ාāļāļ¸ āˇිāˇිāļą් āļāˇුāļą්āļේ Personal System/2 (PS/2) āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļ āļ¸ාāļŊා⎠āˇāļŗāˇා āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ී
3. AT Keyboard Port
AT Keyboard Port āļēāļąු āļ´ැāļģāļĢි āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļ keyboard
āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļāļē āļŊෙ⎠āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇූ 5-pin
DIN connector āļāļāļි. āļ¸ෙāļē IBM āˇāļ¸ාāļāļ¸
āˇිāˇිāļą් 1980 āļ¯āˇāļāļēේ āļ¸ුāļŊāļ¯ී āˇāļŗුāļą්āˇා āļ¯ුāļą් Advanced
Technology (AT) āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļ āļ¸ාāļŊා⎠āˇāļŗāˇා āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ී
4. Serial Port
Serial Port āļēāļąු āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļēāļිāļą් āļļාāˇිāļģ āļāļ´ාංāļāļēāļāļ§
āļ¯āļ්āļ āļāļ bit āļāļāļ් āļļැāļිāļą් āļ
āļąුāļ්āļģāļ¸ිāļ⎠āļēැāˇීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇāļą āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļą āļ
āļුāļģුāļ¸ුāˇුāļĢāļāļ් āˇේ. āļ¸ෙāļē RS-232, RS-485, āˇāˇ RS-422 āˇැāļąි standards āļ¸āļ āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸්⎠āļ්āļģිāļēා āļāļģāļēි.
·
1980s–1990s: IBM PC āˇāˇ āļ
āļąෙāļුāļ් āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāˇāļŊāļ¯ී serial ports āļ´්āļģāļ°ාāļą āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļą
āļ¸ාāļģ්āļāļēāļ් āˇිāļē.
·
DB-25 āˇāˇ
DB-9 connectors āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇිāļē – DB-9 (DE-9) connector āļāļ
āˇāļŠාāļ් āļĸāļąāļ´්āļģිāļē āˇිāļē.
Serial Port āˇāļŗāˇා āļāļ¯ේāˇāļ āļąāļ¸් (Alternative
Names for Serial Port)
·
Serial Port āļāļāļ§ āļාāļ්āˇāļĢිāļ
āļŊෝāļāļēේāļ¯ී āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇāļą āˇිāļāļŊ්āļ´ āļąාāļ¸ āļිāˇිāļ´āļēāļ් āļāļ. āļ¸ෙāˇැāļąි āļąාāļ¸āļēāļą් āˇ්āļēාāļ´ෘāļි,
documentation, hardware manuals, āˇāˇ software settings āļුāˇ
āļ¯ී āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇේ.
āˇිāļāļŊ්āļ´ āļąාāļ¸ (Synonyms / Alternative Terms)
|
āļąාāļ¸āļē |
āˇිāˇ්āļāļģ |
|
COM Port |
“Communication Port” āļēāļą āļ
āļģ්āļŽāļēෙāļą් – Windows OS āļුāˇ
serial ports COM1, COM2 āļŊෙ⎠āˇැāļŗිāļą්āˇේ |
|
RS-232 Port |
Serial communication āˇāļŗāˇා āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇāļą standard āļāļ – āļļොāˇෝ serial ports RS-232 protocol āļˇාāˇිāļා
āļāļģāļēි |
|
Serial Interface |
Serial protocol āļ¸āļ āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸්⎠āļ්āļģිāļēා āļāļģāļą interface
āļāļāļ් āļŊෙ⎠|
|
UART Port |
Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter – serial communication
hardware module āļāļ |
|
Serial Connector |
Physical connector āļāļ – DB-9, DB-25 āˇැāļąි |
|
Serial Communication Port |
āˇāļ¸්āļ´ූāļģ්āļĢ āļąාāļ¸āļē – serial protocol āļ¸āļ āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸්⎠peripheral devices āˇāļ¸āļ āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļąāļē |
|
Console Port |
Network devices (e.g., routers, switches) āˇāļŗāˇා serial
port āļāļ console access āˇāļŗāˇා āļˇාāˇිāļා
āˇේ |
|
Data Link / Serial Link |
Communication channel āļāļāļ් āļŊෙ⎠āˇැāļŗිāļą්āˇීāļ¸ |
|
Bluetooth Serial Port |
Wireless serial communication āˇāļŗāˇා virtual
serial port āļāļāļ් (SPP – Serial Port Profile) |
āļාāļģ්āļēāļēāļą්
|
āļ්āļģිāļēා⎠|
āˇිāˇ්āļāļģ |
|
Data Transmission |
āļ¯āļ්āļ āļāļ bit āļāļāļ් āļļැāļිāļą් sequential āļŊෙ⎠āļēැāˇීāļ¸ – long-distance
communication āˇāļŗāˇා āˇුāļ¯ුāˇුāļēි |
|
Device Connection |
Modems, printers,
barcode scanners, industrial controllers āˇැāļąි āļāļ´ාංāļ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°
āļිāļģීāļ¸ |
|
Simple Protocols |
Baud rate, parity
bit, stop bits āˇැāļąි settings āļ¸āļිāļą්
āˇāļģāļŊ āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļąāļē |
|
Flow Control |
RTS/CTS (hardware) āˇෝ XON/XOFF (software) āļ¸āļිāļą් data
flow āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļē āļිāļģීāļ¸ |
|
Error Detection |
Parity checking āˇāˇ checksums āļ¸āļිāļą් āļ¯āļ්āļ āļ¯ෝ⎠āˇāļŗුāļąා āļැāļąීāļ¸ |
āˇාāļ¸ාāļą්āļē Serial Port Connector
- DB-9 (DE-9) – 9-pin
male connector
- DB-25 –
25-pin connector (āļ
āļ¯ āļˇාāˇිāļāļē āļ
āļŠුāļē)
- USB-to-Serial adapters – āļąāˇ PC āˇāļŊ serial port āļąොāļ¸ැāļි āļąිāˇා āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇේ
āˇැāļ¯āļāļ්āļāļ¸
- Industrial-grade
reliability – automation systems, POS machines, routers āˇāļŗāˇා āļāˇāļ¸āļ් āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇේ
- Low resource usage – USB āˇැāļąි protocols āˇāļŊāļ§ āˇāļŠා āˇāļģāļŊāļē.
- Legacy compatibility – āļ´ැāļģāļĢි systems āˇāļ¸āļ āˇෘāļĸු āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļාāˇāļē
Serial Port āļāļāļ§ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļāˇ
āˇැāļි āļāļ´ාංāļ
|
|
|
Modems |
āļ¯ුāļģāļāļŽāļą āļĸාāļŊāļē āˇāļģāˇා āļ¯āļ්āļ āļēැāˇීāļ¸/āļŊැāļļීāļ¸ |
|
Printers |
Dot matrix āˇāˇ industrial printers āˇāļŗāˇා serial
communication |
|
Barcode Scanners |
scanned data āļāļ āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļēāļ§ āļēැāˇීāļ¸ |
|
Microcontrollers / Arduino / Raspberry Pi |
serial
communication āļ¸āļිāļą් data exchange āˇāˇ
programming |
|
Scientific Instruments |
sensor data, lab
equipment readings āļŊāļļා āļැāļąීāļ¸ |
|
Industrial Controllers |
PLCs, CNC machines,
automation systems āˇāļŗāˇා |
|
GPS Modules |
location data
serial port āļ¸āļිāļą් āļŊāļļාāļ¯ීāļ¸ |
|
Networking Devices (Routers/Switches) |
Console port āļāļāļ් āļŊෙ⎠configuration āˇāˇ diagnostics
āˇāļŗāˇා |
|
Serial Audio Interfaces |
MIDI controllers āˇāˇ audio mixers āˇāļŗāˇා |
|
External Storage Devices (āļ´ැāļģāļĢි) |
serial-connected
hard drives āˇāˇ tape drives |
5.
Parallel Ports
Parallel Port āļēāļąු āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļēāļිāļą් āļļාāˇිāļģ āļāļ´ාංāļāˇāļŊāļ§ āļļāˇු-bit āļ¯āļ්āļ āļāļāˇāļģ āļēැāˇීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļāˇ
āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļą āļ
āļුāļģුāļ¸ුāˇුāļĢāļāļි. āļ¸ෙāļē āˇිāˇේāˇāļēෙāļą්āļ¸ āļ¸ුāļ¯්āļģāļĢ āļēāļą්āļ්āļģ āˇāļŗāˇා āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇිāļē.
- 1970s:
Centronics āˇāļ¸ාāļāļ¸ āˇිāˇිāļą් āļ¸ුāļ¯්āļģāļĢ āļēāļą්āļ්āļģ āˇāļŗāˇා āļ´āˇ
āļ¸ු parallel
port āļāļ āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļāˇ
ේāļē.
- 1981–1982: IBM āˇිāˇිāļą් āļāļ¸ āļ´āˇ
āļ¸ු PC āˇāļŗāˇා Centronics
port āļāļ āļˇාāˇිāļා āļāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļ
āļ
āļāļģ āļ¸ෙāļē 36-pin connector āļāļāļ් āˇිāļē.
- 1990s: IEEE
1284 standard āļāļ āˇāļģāˇා Enhanced Parallel Port (EPP)
āˇāˇ Extended Capability Port (ECP) versions
standard.
āˇැāļ¯āļāļ්āļāļ¸
|
āļ
ංāļāļē |
āˇිāˇ්āļāļģāļē |
|
Printer Communication |
ASCII characters āļāļāˇāļģ āļēැāˇීāļ¸ෙāļą් printing āˇේāļāˇāļ් āˇිāļē |
|
Bi-directional Data Transfer |
EPP/ECP ports āļ¸āļිāļą් data āļēැāˇීāļ¸ āˇāˇ āļŊāļļා āļැāļąීāļ¸ āˇිāļ¯ු āˇිāļē |
|
Legacy Device Support |
āļ´ැāļģāļĢි scanners, CNC
machines, lab equipment āˇāļŗāˇා āļāˇāļ¸āļ් parallel ports āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇේ |
|
Computing History |
IBM PC era āļāļේāļ¯ී industry standard āļāļāļ් āˇිāļē |
|
25-pin DB-25 Connector |
āˇිāˇාāļŊ connector āļāļāļ් āˇāˇිāļ⎠multiple data lines āļˇාāˇිāļා āļāˇ
ා |
āˇāļģ්āļŽāļ¸ාāļą āļˇාāˇිāļāļē
- āļąāˇ
āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāˇāļŊ parallel ports āļąොāļ¸ැāļ.
- USB, Wi-Fi, Ethernet āˇැāļąි interfaces āˇāļŗāˇා āļ´්āļģāļිāˇ්āļŽාāļ´āļąāļē āˇිāļē.
- Legacy systems āˇāļŗāˇා adapters āˇāˇ expansion cards
āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇේ.
6. Game Port
Game Port āļēāļąු āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāˇāļŊ joystick, gamepad āˇැāļąි gaming
āļāļ´ාංāļ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇූ analog input
interface āļāļāļි. āļ¸ෙāļē āˇිāˇේāˇāļēෙāļą්āļ¸ 1980s āˇāˇ 1990s āļාāļŊāļēේāļ¯ී IBM
PC-compatible āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļිāˇāļŊāļ¯ී āļĸāļąāļ´්āļģිāļē āˇිāļē.
- 1981: IBM āˇිāˇිāļą් āļ´āˇ
āļ¸ු PC āˇāļŗāˇා Game Control
Adapter expansion card āļāļāļ් āļŊෙ⎠game port āļāļ āˇāļŗුāļą්āˇා āļ¯ුāļą්āļąා.
- 1980s–1990s: Game
port āļāļ sound cards āˇāļŊāļ§ āˇāˇ motherboards
āˇāļŊāļ§ āļāļාāļļāļ¯්āļ° āˇිāļē.
- DA-15 connector: 15-pin
connector āļāļāļ් āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇāļą āļ
āļāļģ, joystick āļāļāļ් āˇෝ MIDI device āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ
āļ¯ාāļŊāˇේ.
- Late 1990s: USB
interface āļāļ āˇāļŗුāļą්āˇාāļ¯ීāļ¸ෙāļą් game port āļāļ āļ
āļˇාāˇāļēāļ§ āļ´āļ් āˇිāļē.
āˇැāļ¯āļāļ්āļāļ¸
|
āļ
ංāļāļē |
āˇිāˇ්āļāļģāļē |
|
Joystick Input |
Gaming experience āļāļ āˇāļŗāˇා analog joystick input āļŊāļļාāļ¯ීāļ¸ |
|
MIDI Support |
āˇāļ¸āˇāļģ sound cards āļ¸āļිāļą් MIDI musical instruments āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļāˇ
āˇැāļි āˇිāļē |
|
Multi-device Support |
Y-splitter cables āļ¸āļිāļą් joystick 2āļ් āˇෝ paddles 4āļ් āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļāˇ
āˇැāļි āˇිāļē |
|
PC Gaming Evolution |
Early PC games āˇāļŗāˇා dedicated input method āļāļāļ් āˇිāļē |
|
Legacy Technology |
Computing history āļāļේ āˇැāļ¯āļāļ් technological milestone āļāļāļ් |
āˇāļģ්āļāļ¸ාāļą āļˇාāˇිāļāļē
- USB interfaces āļ¸āļිāļą් joystick/gamepad/MIDI devices āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°
āļිāļģීāļ¸ āļ´āˇāˇු āˇිāļē.
- Game port āļāļ
obsolete āˇිāļē.
- Legacy systems āˇāļŗāˇා āļāˇāļ¸āļ් adapters āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇේ.
7.
Audio Port
Audio port āļēāļąු āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļēāļිāļą් āˇāļļ්āļ¯ āļāļ´ාංāļ (headphones, microphones,
speakers) āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇāļą input/output
connector āļāļāļි. āļ¸ෙāļē motherboard āļ¸āļ
āˇෝ sound card āļ¸āļ āļ´ිāˇිāļ§ා āļāļ.
Audio Port āļāļේ āļාāļģ්āļēāļē
- đ Sound Output – āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļēෙāļą් audio playback (music, video, games) āˇāļŗāˇා speakers āˇෝ headphones āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļිāļģීāļ¸
- đ¤ Sound Input –
microphone āļāļāļ් āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļāļģ voice recording, video
conferencing, gaming chat āˇැāļąි āļාāļģ්āļēāļēāļą්
- đ§ Surround Sound Support –
multiple ports āļ¸āļිāļą් 5.1 / 7.1 surround speaker
systems āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļāˇ
āˇැāļ
- đ Audio Communication –
input/output ports āļ¸āļිāļą් audio data āˇුāˇāļ¸ාāļģුāˇ
Audio Ports āˇāļģ්āļ āˇāˇ āˇāļģ්āļĢ
|
āˇāļģ්āļĢ |
āļąāļ¸ |
āļාāļģ්āļēāļē |
|
đŠ Green |
Line-Out |
Speakers / Headphones āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļිāļģීāļ¸ |
|
đĒ Pink |
Mic-In |
Microphone āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļිāļģීāļ¸ |
|
đĩ Blue |
Line-In |
External audio sources (CD/DVD players, mixers) |
|
đ§ Orange |
CS-Out |
Center/Subwoofer output (surround sound) |
|
⚫ Black |
RS-Out |
Rear speakers output |
|
⚪ Grey |
SS-Out |
Side speakers output |
Audio Port āˇāļģ්āļ
|
Port āˇāļģ්āļāļē |
āˇිāˇ්āļāļģāļē |
āļˇාāˇිāļāļē |
|
3.5mm Audio Jack |
āˇāļŠාāļ් āļĸāļąāļ´්āļģිāļē analog port āļāļāļි. |
Headphones,
Microphones, Speakers |
|
Mic-in Port |
āˇ්āļģāˇ්āļē āļāļ¯ාāļąāļē āˇāļŗāˇා. |
External
microphones |
|
Line-in Port |
Audio signal input
(high quality). |
Music instruments,
mixers |
|
Line-out Port |
Audio signal
output. |
Amplifiers,
speakers |
|
Optical Audio Port (TOSLINK) |
Digital audio
transmission via light. |
Home theater
systems |
|
HDMI Audio (Embedded) |
HDMI āļ¸āļිāļą් audio + video āļēāˇāļēි. |
TVs, Monitors |
|
USB Audio Interfaces |
Digital audio
devices. |
USB Headsets, Audio
Mixers |
|
Bluetooth Audio |
Wireless audio
transmission. |
Earbuds, Bluetooth
speakers |
Audio Port āļ්āļģිāļēාāļාāļģිāļ්āˇāļē
Audio ports āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļēේ sound card āˇāļģāˇා āļ්āļģිāļēා āļāļģāļēි. Sound
card āļāļ analog āˇāˇ digital
signals āļ
āļāļģ āļ´āļģිāˇāļģ්āļāļąāļē āˇිāļ¯ු āļāļģāļēි. Audio port āļāļāļ§ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļāļ´ාංāļāļē āļ
āļąු⎠āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļē output āˇෝ input
āļŊෙ⎠āļ්āļģිāļēා āļāļģāļēි.
- Analog
Ports: Voltage signal āļ¸āļිāļą් audio āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģේāˇāļĢāļē āļāļģāļēි.
- Digital
Ports: Binary data (0s and 1s) āļ¸āļිāļą් audio āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģේāˇāļĢāļē āļāļģāļēි.
Audio Port āļˇාāˇිāļāļēේ āˇැāļ¯āļāļ්āļāļ¸
- āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļąāļē: Zoom
calls, voice chats, podcasts āˇāļŗāˇා.
- āˇංāļීāļ
āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē: Audio mixing, recording.
- āˇිāļąෝāļ¯ාāļ්āļ¸āļ
āļ
āļ්āļ¯ැāļීāļ¸්: Movies, games, music.
- āļ
āļ°්āļēාāļ´āļąිāļ
āˇāˇ āˇෘāļ්āļීāļē āļˇාāˇිāļāļē: Online learning, presentations.
Audio ports āļēāļąු āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļ āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļිāļēේ āˇ්āļģāˇ්āļē āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļąāļē āˇāļŗāˇා āļ
āļ්āļēāˇāˇ්āļē āļ¸ාāļģ්āļāļēāļි.
āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļē āˇāļģ්āļ°āļąāļē āˇීāļ¸āļ් āˇāļ¸āļ analog ports āˇāļŊිāļą් digital
ports āˇෙāļ āļ´āļģිāˇāļģ්āļāļąāļē āˇිāļ¯ු āˇී āļāļ. āļ´āļģිāˇීāļŊāļāļēාāļේ āļ
āˇāˇ්āļēāļාāˇāļē āļ
āļąුāˇ
āļąිāˇැāļģāļ¯ි audio port āļāļ āļේāļģීāļ¸, āˇ්āļģāˇ්āļē
āļුāļĢාāļ්āļ¸āļāļˇාāˇāļē āˇāˇ āļ්āļģිāļēාāļාāļģිāļ්āˇāļē āˇāļŗāˇා āˇැāļ¯āļāļ් āˇේ.
Front Panel Audio Connector
Front panel audio
connectors āļēāļąු āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļ case āļāļේ āļāļ¯ිāļģිāļ´āˇ
āļ´ිāˇිāļ§ා āļāļි audio jack āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļāļēāļą්āļ§ motherboard āļāļෙāļą් audio signal āļŊāļļාāļ¯ීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා āļˇාāˇිāļ āˇāļą pin-based
connector āļāļāļි. āļ¸ෙāļē headphones, microphones,
āˇāˇ headsets āˇැāļąි āļāļ´ාංāļ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°
āļිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ´āˇāˇුāˇāļ් āˇāļŊāˇāļēි.
Connector āˇāļģ්āļ
|
Connector āˇāļģ්āļāļē |
āˇිāˇ්āļāļģāļē |
|
HD Audio (Intel® High-Definition Audio) |
āļąāˇීāļą motherboards āˇāļŊ āļˇාāˇිāļ āˇāļą connector. Superior sound quality, jack
detection, noise suppression. |
|
AC’97 (Audio Codec ’97) |
āļ´ැāļģāļĢි connector system āļāļāļි. Basic stereo audio support. |
|
AAFP (Analog Audio Front Panel) |
Motherboard header āļāļේ āļąāļ¸. HD Audio āˇāˇ AC’97 āļ¯ෙāļāļ¸ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļāˇ
āˇැāļ. |
Pin Configuration (Typical HD Audio)
HD Audio connector āļāļේ pin layout āļāļ
|
Pin |
Function |
|
1 |
Microphone Left |
|
2 |
Ground |
|
3 |
Microphone Right |
|
4 |
Presence# (detects
front panel) |
|
5 |
Headphone Right |
|
6 |
Jack Sense |
|
7 |
Headphone Left |
|
8 |
No Connection |
|
9 |
Jack Sense |
|
10 |
Ground |
AC'97 Compliant Pin Definition
AC'97 (Audio Codec
'97) āļēāļąු Intel āˇිāˇිāļą් 1997āļ¯ී āˇāļŗුāļą්āˇා āļ¯ුāļą් audio codec standard āļāļāļි.
āļ¸ෙāļē analog audio āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļąāļē āˇāļŗāˇා āļˇාāˇිāļ āˇāļą āļ
āļāļģ,
front panel audio ports (headphone/microphone) āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ motherboard
header āļāļāļ pin layout āļāļāļ් āļŊāļļා āļ¯ේ.
Typical AC'97 10-1
Pin Layout
|
Pin Number |
Signal Name |
Description |
|
1 |
MIC2 |
Microphone input |
|
2 |
GND |
Ground |
|
3 |
MIC Power |
Power for
microphone |
|
4 |
NC |
Not connected |
|
5 |
Line Out (Right) |
Right channel audio
output |
|
6 |
NC |
Not connected |
|
7 |
Line Out (Left) |
Left channel audio
output |
|
8 |
NC |
Not connected |
|
9 |
NC |
Not connected |
|
10 |
GND |
Ground |
HD Audio vs AC'97
|
Feature |
AC'97 |
HD Audio |
|
Year Introduced |
1997 |
2004 |
|
Jack Detection |
No |
Yes |
|
Audio Quality |
Basic stereo |
High-definition (up
to 7.1) |
|
Compatibility |
Legacy systems only |
Modern motherboards |
|
Pin Layout |
Similar connector,
different mapping |
Advanced mapping |
Coaxial Digital Port / Coaxial SPDIF
Port āļēāļąු āļුāļ¸āļ්āļ¯?
Coaxial Digital Port āļēāļąු āļāļŊෙāļ්āļ§්āļģොāļąිāļ āļāļ´ාංāļ āļ
āļāļģ digital audio signal
āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģේāˇāļĢāļē āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා āļˇාāˇිāļ āˇāļą āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļą āļ¸ාāļģ්āļāļēāļි. āļ¸ෙāļē S/PDIF
(Sony/Philips Digital Interface Format) standard āļāļ āļˇාāˇිāļ āļāļģāļēි,
āˇāˇ RCA connector āļāļāļ් (āˇාāļ¸ාāļą්āļēāļēෙāļą්
āļැāļšිāļŊි āļ´ැāˇැāļි) āļ¸āļිāļą් āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āˇේ.
Coaxial Port āļāļේ āˇ්āļēුāˇāļē
- Cable
Type: Coaxial cable āļāļāļ් — āļ¸āļ°්āļēāļ¸ conductor āļāļāļ්, āļāļē āˇāļ§āļāļģāļą insulator āļāļāļ්, metal shield āļāļāļ්, āˇāˇ āļ´ිāļ§āļ insulator āļāļāļ්.
- Connector
Type: RCA plug (orange or black).
- Impedance: 75
ohms — signal integrity āˇāļŗāˇා āˇැāļ¯āļāļ්.
SPDIF Format
S/PDIF āļēāļąු digital audio format āļāļāļි,
optical āˇāˇ coaxial āļ¯ෙāļāļ¸ āļˇාāˇිāļ āļāļģāļēි.
āļ¸ෙāļē āļ´āˇāļ audio formats āˇāˇāļē āļ¯āļ්āˇāļēි:
- Uncompressed
PCM Audio (CD-quality stereo)
- Compressed
Surround Sound (Dolby Digital, DTS 5.1)
āļˇාāˇිāļāļē āˇāˇ āļāļ´ාංāļ
|
āļāļ´ාංāļ āˇāļģ්āļāļē |
āļˇාāˇිāļāļē |
|
DVD/Blu-ray Players |
Audio output to
amplifier |
|
AV Receivers |
Digital input for
surround sound |
|
TVs |
Audio out to
soundbars |
|
DACs (Digital to
Analog Converters) |
Signal conversion |
|
Sound Systems |
High-fidelity audio
transmission |
Coaxial vs Optical
Digital Audio
|
āˇිāˇේāˇāļාāˇāļē |
Coaxial Digital Port |
Optical Digital Port |
|
Signal Type |
Electrical (via
copper) |
Optical (via light) |
|
Connector Type |
RCA |
TOSLINK |
|
Durability |
Stronger, less
fragile |
More fragile |
|
Interference |
Moderate shielding
needed |
Immune to
electrical noise |
|
Compatibility |
Older hi-fi systems |
Modern TVs,
soundbars |
āˇාāˇි
- High-quality
audio: Minimal signal loss.
- Durable
connection: Coaxial cables are sturdier than optical.
- Simple
setup: One cable for stereo or surrounds audio.
Coaxial Digital Port āļāļāļ් āļēāļąු āˇෘāļ්āļීāļēāļ¸āļē āˇāˇ āļෘāˇāˇ්āļŽ audio systems āˇāļŗāˇා
āˇිāˇ්āˇාāˇāļ¯ාāļēāļ digital audio transmission method āļāļāļි. S/PDIF
format āļāļ āļˇාāˇිāļāļēෙāļą්, āļ¸ෙāļē uncompressed
āˇāˇ surround audio formats āˇāļŗāˇා āˇāˇāļē
āļ¯āļ්āˇāļēි. Optical port āˇāļŊāļ§ āˇිāļāļŊ්āļ´āļēāļ් āļŊෙāˇ, coaxial
port āļāļ āļāˇāļ¸āļ් āļļොāˇෝ āļāļ´ාංāļāˇāļŊ āļˇාāˇිāļ āˇේ.
Sound Audio Chip āļēāļąු āļුāļ¸āļ්āļ¯?
Sound chip (āˇෙāˇāļ් audio chip) āļēāļąු integrated
circuit (IC) āļāļāļ් āˇāļą āļ
āļāļģ, āļāļē digital
āˇāˇ analog audio signals āˇැāļāˇීāļ¸
āˇāļŗāˇා āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļāļģ āļāļ. āļ¸ෙāļē āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļēāļ, smartphones, gaming consoles, TVs, āˇāˇ audio interfaces āˇāļŊ āˇ්āļģāˇ්āļē āļąිāˇ්āļ´ාāļ¯āļąāļē,
āˇැāļāˇීāļ¸, āˇāˇ output āˇāļŗāˇා āļˇාāˇිāļ āˇේ.
Sound Chip āļāļේ āļ´්āļģāļ°ාāļą āļාāļģ්āļēāļēāļą්
- Digital-to-Analog
Conversion (DAC): Digital data → Analog
sound
- Analog-to-Digital
Conversion (ADC): Microphone input → Digital
signal
- Signal
Processing: Equalization, filtering, mixing
- Amplification: Sound
level boosting
- Interface
Control: Communication with OS and drivers
āˇාāļ¸ාāļą්āļēāļēෙāļą් āļ
āļŠංāļු āļොāļ§āˇ්
|
āļොāļ§āˇ |
āļාāļģ්āļēāļē |
|
Oscillators |
Frequency
generation |
|
Filters |
Noise reduction,
tone shaping |
|
Amplifiers |
Signal strength
enhancement |
|
Envelope Generators |
Volume shaping over
time |
|
DAC/ADC |
Signal conversion |
|
DSP (Digital Signal
Processor) |
Real-time audio
effects |
āļĸāļąāļ´්āļģිāļē Sound Chip Brands
|
Brand |
āˇිāˇේāˇāļ්āˇāļē |
|
Realtek |
Onboard PC audio
(e.g., ALC887, ALC1220) |
|
Creative Sound Blaster |
High-end gaming and
music |
|
Intel HD Audio |
Integrated
motherboard audio |
|
Cirrus Logic |
Apple devices, pro
audio |
|
Burr-Brown (TI) |
Audiophile-grade
DACs |
|
ESS Sabre |
Hi-Fi and
studio-grade audio |
Sound Chip vs Sound
Card
|
Feature |
Sound Chip |
Sound Card |
|
Location |
Onboard
(motherboard) |
Separate expansion
card |
|
Quality |
Moderate to high |
High-end,
customizable |
|
Cost |
Low |
Moderate to high |
|
Use Case |
General computing |
Gaming, music
production |
āļˇාāˇිāļāļē āˇāˇ āˇැāļ¯āļāļ්āļāļ¸
- Music
Playback: Clear, distortion-free sound
- Voice
Communication: Accurate microphone input
- Gaming:
Surround sound, immersive effects
- Content
Creation: Studio-grade audio recording
- Accessibility: Audio
feedback for users with visual impairments
āļąāˇ āļාāļ්āˇāļĢිāļ āļ´්āļģāˇāļĢāļා
- AI-powered
audio enhancement
- 3D
spatial sound
- Low-power
chips for mobile devices
- Bluetooth
codec integration
- Noise
cancellation algorithms
8.
USB Port
USB (Universal Serial Bus) āļēāļąු āļāļ´ාංāļ
āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļිāļģීāļ¸, āļ¯āļ්āļ āˇුāˇāļ¸ාāļģුāˇ, āˇāˇ
āˇිāļ¯ුāļŊිāļļāļŊ āˇැāļ´āļēීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා āļˇාāˇිāļ āˇāļą āļĸාāļ්āļēāļą්āļāļģ āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļą āļ´්āļģāļ¸ිāļිāļēāļි. āļ¸ෙāļē āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļ āˇා
āˇිāˇිāļ° āļāļ´ාංāļ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļāˇ
āˇāļ¸්āļ¸āļ āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļēāļි. āļ¸ෙāļē āļāļģāļ¸්āļˇ āˇූāļēේ
āˇිāˇිāļ° āˇāļģ්āļāļēේ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļāļēāļą් (Serial, Parallel, PS/2) āˇāļŊ
āļāļි āļැāļ§āļŊු āˇිāˇāļŗීāļ¸āļ§āļē
USB āˇංāˇāļģ්āļ°āļą
āļාāļŊ āļģේāļාāˇ
|
āˇāļģ්āˇāļē |
āļ
āļąුāˇාāļ¯āļē |
āˇිāˇේāˇාංāļ |
āˇāļ¸ාāļĸ āļļāļŊāļ´ෑāļ¸ |
|
1996 |
USB 1.0 |
12 Mbps āˇේāļāļē |
āļ´āˇ
āļ¸ු āˇාāļĢිāļĸ āļąිāļුāļු⎠|
|
1998 |
USB 1.1 |
āˇ්āļŽාāˇāļģāļා⎠āˇැāļŠි āļිāļģීāļ¸ |
Apple iMac G3 āˇāļģāˇා āļĸāļąāļ´්āļģිāļē āˇීāļ¸ |
|
2000 |
USB 2.0 |
480 Mbps āˇේāļāļē |
Pen Drive āļĸāļąāļ´්āļģිāļē āˇීāļ¸ |
|
2008 |
USB 3.0 |
5 Gbps āˇේāļāļē |
āļ
āļ°ිāˇේāļී āļļාāˇිāļģ āļāļļāļŠා āļāļ´ාංāļ |
|
2013 |
USB 3.1 |
10 Gbps, USB-C āļāļģāļ¸්āļˇāļē |
āļąāˇ āļāļ´ාංāļ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļ āļ´āļģāļ¸්āļ´āļģා⎠|
|
2017 |
USB 3.2 |
20 Gbps, USB-C āļ´්āļģāļ¸ිāļිāļē |
āļāļ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļāļēāļිāļą් āˇිāļēāļŊ්āļŊ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļිāļģීāļ¸ |
|
2020s |
USB4 / USB4 v2 |
40–80 Gbps,
Thunderbolt āˇāˇāļē |
240W āˇිāļ¯ුāļŊිāļļāļŊ, āļąāˇීāļą āļāļ´ාංāļ āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļි |
- āļ´āˇ
āļ¸ු USB āˇāˇāļē āļ¯āļ්āˇූ āļ¸ෙāˇෙāļēුāļ¸් āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļිāļē āˇිāļē Windows 95 OSR 2.1
(1997).
- Apple āˇිāˇිāļą්
āļ´ැāļģāļĢි ports āļāˇāļ් āļිāļģීāļ¸ USB āļĸāļąāļ´්āļģිāļē āļිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āˇේāļු āˇිāļē.
- āļ
āļ¯ USB āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇāļą්āļąේ āļ¯ුāļģāļāļŽāļą, āļැāļ¸āļģා, āļ¸ොāļąිāļ§āļģ්, āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļ, āļģූāļ´āˇාāˇිāļąි āˇැāļąි āˇිāļēāļŊු āļāļ´ාංāļ āˇāļŗāˇාāļē.
āļāļļāļ§ āļ
āˇāˇ්āļē āļąāļ¸්, āļ¸āļ¸
āļ¸ෙāļē āˇිංāˇāļŊ-āļංāļ්āļģීāˇි infographic āļāļāļ්,
poster āļāļāļ්, āˇෝ PowerPoint
slide āļāļāļ් āļŊෙ⎠āˇැāļŊāˇුāļ¸් āļāˇ
āˇැāļිāļēි —
āļāļļāļේ āļ¯ේāˇීāļē āļාāļ්āˇāļĢිāļ āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļą āˇ්āļēාāļ´ෘāļිāļē āˇāļŗāˇා.
USB Port āˇāļģ්āļ / Types of USB Ports
|
āˇāļģ්āļāļē |
Description |
āļˇාāˇිāļāļē |
|
USB-A |
Rectangular,
standard port |
Computers, TVs,
Keyboards |
|
USB-B |
Square-shaped, used
in printers |
Printers, Scanners |
|
USB-C |
Reversible, fast,
compact |
Phones, Laptops,
Power Delivery |
|
Micro-USB |
Small, older mobile
devices |
Android phones,
Cameras |
|
Mini-USB |
Older, slightly
larger than Micro |
MP3 players, PS3
controllers |
USB Port āļාāļģ්āļēāļēāļą් / Functions
of USB Ports
- Charging Devices
āļāļ´ාංāļ āļāļģෝāļ´āļĢāļē āļිāļģීāļ¸ - Data Transfer
āļ¯āļ්āļ āˇුāˇāļ¸ාāļģු⎠- Peripheral Connection
āļļාāˇිāļģ āļāļ´ාංāļ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļිāļģීāļ¸ - Power Delivery
āˇිāļ¯ුāļŊිāļļāļŊ āˇැāļ´āļēීāļ¸
USB Versions / USB āļ
āļąුāˇාāļ¯
|
Version |
Speed |
Sinhala |
|
USB 1.1 |
12 Mbps |
āļ¸ූāļŊිāļ āˇේāļāļē |
|
USB 2.0 |
480 Mbps |
āļāˇāˇ් āˇේāļāļē |
|
USB 3.0/3.1 |
5–10 Gbps |
āļ
āļ°ිāˇේāļී |
|
USB 4.0 |
Up to 40 Gbps |
āļąāˇීāļąāļāļ¸ āˇේāļāļē |
āˇැāļ¯āļāļ්āļāļ¸ / Importance
- Plug
& Play: āˇāļģāļŊ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļē
- Universal
Compatibility: āļļāˇු āļāļ´ාංāļ āˇāˇāļē
- Fast
Charging & Data: āˇේāļāˇāļ් āļāļģෝāļ´āļĢāļē āˇāˇ āļ¯āļ්āļ āˇුāˇāļ¸ාāļģුāˇ
8.1 USB 2.0 Pin Set (Type A & B)
USB Type A & B
Pinout
|
Pin |
āļąāļ¸ |
āļාāļģ්āļēāļē |
āˇāļģ්āļĢāļē |
|
1 |
VCC |
+5V āˇිāļ¯ුāļŊිāļļāļŊ āˇැāļ´āļēීāļ¸ |
đ´ āļģāļු |
|
2 |
D− |
āļ¯āļ්āļ − (Data Minus) |
⚪ āˇුāļ¯ු |
|
3 |
D+ |
āļ¯āļ්āļ + (Data Plus) |
đĸ āļොāˇ
|
|
4 |
GND |
āļˇූāļ¸ිāļා⎠(Ground) |
⚫ āļāˇ
ු |
USB Mini/Micro āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļāļēāļą්āˇි
5āˇāļą āļ´ිāļą් āļāļāļ් āļāļ —
"ID" āļąāļ¸ිāļą් āˇැāļŗිāļą්āˇෙāļēි, USB OTG
(On-The-Go) āˇāļŗāˇා āļˇාāˇිāļ āˇේ.
- VCC: āļāļ´ාංāļāļēāļ§ āˇිāļ¯ුāļŊිāļļāļŊ āļŊāļļාāļ¯ෙāļēි (+5V)
- D− / D+: āļ¯āļ්āļ āļēැāˇීāļ¸ āˇāˇ āļŊැāļļීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා
- GND: āļˇූāļ¸ිāļාāˇ, āˇිāļ¯ුāļŊි āļ´āļģිāļ´āļŽāļē āˇāļ¸්āļ´ූāļģ්āļĢ āļිāļģීāļ¸
āˇāļŗāˇා
8.2 USB 3.1 — āļ
āļ°ිāˇේāļී āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļą āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļē
USB 3.1 āļēāļąු Universal Serial Bus
āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļēේ āļෙāˇැāļąි āļ´āļģāļ¸්āļ´āļģාāˇේ āļąāˇීāļą āļ
āļąුāˇාāļ¯āļēāļි. āļ¸ෙāļē USB
3.0 āļ§ āˇāļŠා āļ¯ෙāļුāļĢ āˇේāļāļēāļ āļ¯āļ්āļ āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģේāˇāļĢāļē āˇāˇ āˇැāļŠි
āˇිāļ¯ුāļŊිāļļāļŊ āˇැāļ´āļēීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා āˇැāļිāļēාāˇāļ් āˇāļ´āļēāļēි.
āļāļිāˇාāˇāļē
āļāļිāˇාāˇāļē
āļąිāļුāļ් āˇීāļ¸: āļĸූāļŊි
2013
āļ´āˇ
āļ¸ු āļąāļ¸: USB 3.1 Gen 1 (5
Gbps) / Gen 2 (10 Gbps)
āļąāˇ āļąාāļ¸āļāļģāļĢāļē: USB 3.2 Gen 1 / Gen
2 āļŊෙ⎠āļēāˇ
ි āļąāļ¸් āļāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ී
|
āˇිāˇේāˇාංāļāļē |
āˇිāˇ්āļāļģāļē |
|
āˇේāļāļē |
Gen 1: 5 Gbps / Gen
2: 10 Gbps |
|
Power Delivery |
100W āļ¯āļ්āˇා āˇිāļ¯ුāļŊිāļļāļŊ |
|
Backward Compatibility |
USB 2.0 āˇāˇ 3.0 āˇāļ¸āļ āļැāˇ
āļ´ේ |
|
Connector Support |
USB-A, USB-B, USB-C |
|
Data Efficiency |
Streaming, gaming,
video editing āˇāļŗāˇා āˇුāļ¯ුāˇුāļēි |
8.3 USB 3.1 Gen 1 vs Gen 2
|
āļ
āļąුāˇාāļ¯āļē |
āˇේāļāļē |
āļąාāļ¸āļē |
|
Gen 1 |
5 Gbps |
SuperSpeed USB |
|
Gen 2 |
10 Gbps |
SuperSpeed+ USB |
āļˇාāˇිāļāļē
4K āˇීāļŠිāļēෝ
āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģේāˇāļĢāļē
High-speed external
drives
Laptop charging via
USB-C
Gaming peripherals
Professional audio
interfaces
āˇැāļ¯āļāļ්āļāļ¸
USB 3.1 āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļē āļ¸āļිāļą් āļ´āļģිāˇීāļŊāļāļēāļą්āļ§ āˇේāļāˇāļ්, āˇිāˇ්āˇාāˇāļ¯ාāļēāļ,
āˇāˇ āļļāˇුāļාāļģ්āļē āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļąāļēāļ් āļŊāļļා āļ¯ිāļē
āˇැāļිāļē. āļ¸ෙāļē USB-C connector āˇāļ¸āļ āļāļ්āˇී āļąāˇ
āļ´āļģāļ¸්āļ´āļģාāˇේ āļāļ´ාංāļ āˇāļŗāˇා āļ¸ූāļŊිāļ āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļą āļ¸ාāļģ්āļāļēāļ් āˇී āļāļ.
9.
VGA Port — Video Graphics Array
VGA āļēāļąු Video Graphics Array
āļēāļą āļංāļ්āļģීāˇි āˇāļ āļą āˇāļŊ āˇංāļේāļāļēāļēි. āļ¸ෙāļē 1987 āļ¯ී IBM āˇිāˇිāļą් āˇāļŗුāļą්āˇා āļ¯ුāļą් analogy
video connector āļāļāļි, āˇිāˇේāˇāļēෙāļą්
āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļ āˇāˇ monitor āļ
āļāļģ āˇීāļŠිāļēෝ āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļąāļē āˇāļŗāˇා
āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇිāļē.
āˇිāˇේāˇාංāļ
|
āˇිāˇේāˇාංāļāļē |
āˇිāˇ්āļāļģāļē |
|
Connector Type |
DE-15 / HD-15 (15
pins in 3 rows) |
|
Signal Type |
Analog RGB (Red,
Green, Blue) |
|
Resolution |
āˇාāļ¸ාāļą්āļēāļēෙāļą් 640×480p, āļąāļ¸ුāļ් 2048×1536 āļ¯āļ්āˇා āļēා āˇැāļිāļēි |
|
Audio Support |
āļąැāļ — āˇිāˇේāˇāļēෙāļą් āˇීāļŠිāļēෝ āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļąāļē āˇāļŗāˇා āļ´āļ¸āļĢි |
|
Compatibility |
Monitor, projector,
TV, older laptops/desktops |
āļˇාāˇිāļāļē
- āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāˇāļŊිāļą්
monitor āˇෝ projector āˇෙāļ āˇීāļŠිāļēෝ āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļąāļē
- CCTV
systems āˇāļŊ analog display
- Older
multimedia setups āˇāļŊāļ¯ී
āˇාāˇි āˇāˇ āļ
āˇාāˇි
|
āˇාāˇිāļē |
āļ
āˇාāˇිāļē |
|
āˇāļģāļŊ āˇāˇ āˇිāˇ්āˇාāˇāļ¯ාāļēāļ āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļąāļē |
Analog signal — āļāļ්āļ්āˇāļē digital āˇāļŊāļ§ āˇāļŠා āļ
āļŠුāļēි |
|
āļļāˇු āļāļ´ාංāļ āˇāļ¸āļ āļැāˇ
āļ´ීāļ¸ |
Audio āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļąāļēāļ් āļąොāļ¸ැāļ |
|
āˇāˇāļģ āļāļĢāļąාāˇāļ් āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇූ āˇිāˇ්āˇාāˇāļ¯ාāļēāļ āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļē |
āļąāˇ āļāļ´ාංāļāˇāļŊිāļą් āļ
āļුāļģුāļ¯āļą් āˇීāļ¸ |
āļ
āļ¯ āˇāļą āˇිāļ§, VGA ports āļļොāˇෝ āļąāˇ laptop, monitor, āˇāˇ projector
āˇāļŊිāļą් āļāˇāļ් āļāļģ āļāļ. āļ āˇෙāļąුāˇāļ§ HDMI, DisplayPort, DVI
āˇැāļąි digital connectors āļˇාāˇිāļා
āˇේ — āļāˇා āļāˇāˇ
āļāļ්āļ්āˇāļēේ āˇීāļŠිāļēෝ āˇāˇ āˇāļļ්āļ¯āļē āļāļāˇāļģ āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģේāˇāļĢāļē āļāļģāļēි.[1],
[2]
10.
DVI Port — Digital Visual Interface
DVI āļēāļąු Digital Visual
Interface āļēāļą āˇāļ āļą āˇāļŊ āˇංāļේāļāļēāļēි. āļ¸ෙāļē 1999 āļ¯ී Digital Display Working Group āˇිāˇිāļą්
āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ video display interface āļāļāļි. DVI
āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļē VGA āˇāļŊ analog signal āļāļāļ§ āˇāļŠා digital video signal āļāļāļ්
āˇāļ´āļēāļēි, āļāļ¸āļිāļą් āļāˇāˇ
āļāļ්āļ්āˇāļēේ āˇීāļŠිāļēෝ āļŊāļļා āļැāļąීāļ¸ේ
āˇැāļිāļēා⎠āļāļ.
DVI Port āˇāļģ්āļ
|
āˇāļģ්āļāļē |
āˇිāˇ්āļāļģāļē |
|
DVI-D |
Digital signal āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļ් — monitors āˇāļŗāˇා āˇුāļ¯ුāˇුāļēි |
|
DVI-A |
Analog signal āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļ්
— VGA-compatible monitors āˇāļŗāˇා |
|
DVI-I |
Digital āˇāˇ Analog
āļ¯ෙāļāļ¸ — āļļāˇුāļාāļģ්āļē āļˇාāˇිāļāļē āˇāļŗāˇා |
Dual Link vs Single
Link:
- Single Link: 1920×1200 @ 60Hz
- Dual Link: 2560×1600 @ 60Hz — āˇැāļŠි resolution āˇāļŗāˇා
āˇිāˇේāˇාංāļ
- Pin Count: 18–29 pins (āˇāļģ්āļāļē āļ
āļąු⎠āˇෙāļąāˇ් āˇේ)
- Signal Type: Digital / Analog
- Audio Support: āļąැāļ — HDMI
āˇැāļąි audio+video combo āļąොāˇේ
- Hot Plugging: Supported (plug/unplug
without restarting)
āļˇාāˇිāļāļē
- Desktop PCs āˇāˇ Graphic
Cards
- Gaming Monitors (especially older models)
- Projectors āˇāˇ Professional
Displays
- Medical Imaging āˇāˇ Industrial
Systems
āˇාāˇි āˇāˇ āļ
āˇාāˇි
|
āˇාāˇිāļē |
āļ
āˇාāˇිāļē |
|
Digital signal — VGA āļ§ āˇāļŠා āļāļ්āļ්āˇāļē āļāˇāˇ
āļēි |
Audio āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļąāļēāļ්
āļąොāļ¸ැāļ |
|
Dual Link āļ¸āļිāļą්
āˇැāļŠි resolution |
HDMI āˇāˇ DisplayPort
āˇāļŊāļ§ āˇāļŠා āļ´āļģāļĢ āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļēāļ් |
|
Analog āˇāˇ Digital
compatibility (DVI-I) |
āļąāˇ laptops āˇāļŊිāļą් āļ
āļුāļģුāļ¯āļą් āˇීāļ¸ |
āļ
āļ¯ āˇāļą āˇිāļ§, DVI ports āļļොāˇෝ āļąāˇ āļāļ´ාංāļāˇāļŊිāļą්
āļāˇāļ් āļāļģ āļāļ. āļ āˇෙāļąුāˇāļ§ HDMI āˇāˇ DisplayPort
āˇැāļąි āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļēāļą් āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇේ — āļāˇා āļāˇāˇ
resolution,
audio support, āˇāˇ compact design āļāļāļ් āˇāļ´āļēāļēි.[3]
VI Cable Length
Guidelines
|
Resolution |
Signal Type |
Recommended Max Length |
Notes |
|
1920×1200 |
Digital (DVI-D) |
~4.5 meters (15 ft) |
Stable signal
without boosters |
|
1280×1024 or lower |
Digital (DVI-D) |
Up to 15 meters (49
ft) |
May experience
signal degradation |
|
1280×1024 |
Analog (DVI-A) |
~5 meters |
Similar to VGA
limitations |
|
2560×1600 |
Dual-Link DVI |
~7.5 meters (25 ft) |
Requires
high-quality cable |
|
Beyond 15 meters |
Any |
Use DVI
booster/extender |
External power may
be needed |
11.
HDMI Port
HDMI āļēāļąු High-Definition
Multimedia Interface āļēāļą āˇāļ āļą āˇāļŊ āˇංāļේāļāļēāļēි. āļ¸ෙāļē digital
video āˇāˇ audio signal āļāļāļ් āļāļ්
āļේāļļāļŊāļēāļ් āļ¸āļිāļą් āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģේāˇāļĢāļē āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļēāļි. HDMI
āļ¸āļිāļą් TVs, monitors, projectors, laptops, gaming
consoles āˇැāļąි āļāļ´ාංāļ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļāļģāļēි.
HDMI (High-Definition
Multimedia Interface) āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļē
2002 āļ¯ී āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē āˇිāļē,
āˇāˇ 2003 āļ¯ී āļąිāˇ්āļ´ාāļ¯āļąāļēāļ§ āļēොāļ¸ු āˇිāļē. āļ¸ෙāļē Hitachi, Panasonic, Philips, Silicon Image,
Sony, Thomson, Toshiba āˇැāļąි āˇāļ¸ාāļāļ¸් āļāļāļුāˇāļ් āˇිāˇිāļą් āˇංāˇāļģ්āļ°āļąāļē
āļāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ී.
āļāļිāˇාāˇāļēේ āļ¸ූāļŊිāļ āļ
āļ¯ිāļēāļģ
|
āˇāļģ්āˇāļē |
āˇිāļ¯ුāˇීāļ¸ |
|
2002 |
HDMI 1.0 āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē — DVI āˇāļŊāļ§ digital
alternative āļāļāļ් āļŊෙ⎠|
|
2003 |
HDMI cables āļąිāˇ්āļ´ාāļ¯āļąāļēāļ§ āļēොāļ¸ු āˇීāļ¸ |
|
2004–2010 |
HDMI 1.1 – 1.4:
Audio Return Channel (ARC), Ethernet-over-HDMI (HEC), 3D supports |
|
2013 |
HDMI 2.0: 4K @
60Hz, 32-channel audio |
|
2017 |
HDMI 2.1: 8K @
60Hz, 4K @ 120Hz, eARC, VRR, Dynamic HDR |
HDMI Port — High-Definition Multimedia Interface
HDMI Port āˇිāˇේāˇාංāļ
|
āˇිāˇේāˇාංāļāļē |
āˇිāˇ්āļāļģāļē |
|
Signal Type |
Digital Video +
Audio |
|
Pin Count |
19 pins |
|
Resolution Support |
720p, 1080p, 4K, 8K
(HDMI version āļ
āļąුāˇ) |
|
Audio Support |
Stereo, Surround,
Dolby Atmos, DTS |
|
Hot Plugging |
Supported
(plug/unplug without restarting) |
|
Versions |
HDMI 1.0 – 2.1 (2.1
supports 8K and 120Hz) |
HDMI Port āˇāļģ්āļ
|
āˇāļģ්āļāļē |
āˇිāˇ්āļāļģāļē |
|
Type A |
Full-size — TVs,
PCs, Consoles |
|
Type C |
Mini HDMI — DSLR
Cameras, Tablets |
|
Type D |
Micro HDMI —
Smartphones, Action Cameras |
|
Type E |
Automotive HDMI —
Vehicles (rare) |
āļˇාāˇිāļāļē
- TVs āˇāˇ Home Theater Systems
- Gaming
Consoles (PlayStation, Xbox)
- Laptops āˇāˇ Projectors
- CCTV
DVRs āˇāˇ Digital Signage
- Medical
Imaging āˇāˇ Industrial
Displays
āˇාāˇි āˇāˇ āļ
āˇාāˇි
|
āˇාāˇිāļē |
āļ
āˇාāˇිāļē |
|
Video + Audio āļāļāļ¸ āļේāļļāļŊāļēāļිāļą් |
Cable length
>15m āļąāļ¸් signal degradation |
|
High-definition
support (4K/8K) |
Port damage if
frequently plugged/unplugged |
|
Consumer
Electronics Control (CEC) |
Not all devices
support full HDMI features |
|
Ethernet-over-HDMI
(HEC) |
Rarely used in
consumer setups |
đ HDMI Cable Length
- Standard
cable: ~5m (without signal loss)
- High-quality
cable: Up to 15m
- Beyond
15m: Use HDMI extenders or active boosters
HDMI āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļē āļ
āļ¯ āˇāļą āˇිāļ§ āˇිāļēāļŊුāļ¸ modern electronics āļāļ´ාංāļāˇāļŊ āļ´්āļģāļ¸ුāļ āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļą āļ¸ාāļģ්āļāļē āļŊෙ⎠āļˇාāˇිāļ āˇේ. HDMI
2.1 āļ¸āļිāļą් 8K resolution, Variable Refresh
Rate (VRR), āˇāˇ eARC āˇැāļąි
āļąāˇීāļą āˇිāˇේāˇාංāļ āļŊāļļා āļ¯ේ.
12. DisplayPort — āļąāˇීāļą āˇීāļŠිāļēෝ āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļą āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļē
DisplayPort āļēāļąු
digital video/audio interface āļāļāļ් āˇāļą āļ
āļāļģ,
āļ¸ෙāļē Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) āˇිāˇිāļą් 2006 āļ¯ී āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ී. āļ¸ෙāļē VGA, DVI āˇැāļąි āļ´āļģāļĢ āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļēāļą්āļ§ āˇිāļāļŊ්āļ´āļēāļ් āļŊෙ⎠āˇැāļŊāļේ.
DisplayPort āˇිāˇේāˇාංāļ
|
āˇිāˇේāˇාංāļāļē |
āˇිāˇ්āļāļģāļē |
|
Signal Type |
Digital Video +
Audio + Data |
|
Pin Count |
20 pins |
|
Resolution Support |
4K, 8K, 10K
(version āļ
āļąුāˇ) |
|
Audio Support |
Multi-channel,
Dolby, DTS |
|
Daisy-Chaining |
Multiple monitors
via one port (Multi-Stream Transport - MST) |
|
Hot Plugging |
Supported |
|
Versions |
1.0 – 2.1 (2.1
supports 8K @ 60Hz, 10K @ 60Hz) |
DisplayPort āˇāļģ්āļ
|
āˇāļģ්āļāļē |
āˇිāˇ්āļāļģāļē |
|
Standard DisplayPort |
Full-size — PCs,
monitors |
|
Mini DisplayPort |
Smaller version —
laptops (Apple devices, etc.) |
|
USB-C with DisplayPort Alt Mode |
DisplayPort signal
via USB-C cable |
DisplayPort vs HDMI
|
āˇිāˇේāˇාංāļāļē |
DisplayPort |
HDMI |
|
Bandwidth |
āˇැāļŠි |
āˇාāļ¸ාāļą්āļē |
|
Resolution Support |
8K/10K |
4K/8K |
|
Audio Return Channel (ARC) |
āļąැāļ |
āļāļ |
|
Daisy-Chaining |
āļāļ |
āļąැāļ |
|
Consumer Electronics Compatibility |
āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļ
āˇāļŗāˇා āˇුāļ¯ුāˇු |
TVs āˇāˇ Home Theater āˇāļŗāˇා āˇුāļ¯ුāˇු |
āļˇාāˇිāļāļē
- Graphic designers āˇāˇ gamers āˇāļŗāˇා
ultra-high resolution displays
- Professional monitors āˇāˇ multi-monitor setups
- Laptops āˇāˇ docking stations (via
USB-C Alt Mode)
- Industrial displays āˇāˇ medical imaging systems
āļāļිāˇාāˇāļē
- 2006:
DisplayPort 1.0 — 10.8 Gbps bandwidth
- 2010:
DisplayPort 1.2 — MST support, 4K @ 60Hz
- 2016:
DisplayPort 1.4 — HDR, 8K @ 60Hz
- 2019:
DisplayPort 2.0 — 10K @ 60Hz, 77.4 Gbps bandwidth
- 2022–2023:
DisplayPort 2.1 — improved cable compatibility and efficiency
Mini āˇāˇ Micro Ports — āļුāļŠා āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļą āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļē
āļ¸ෙāļ¸ ports āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē āˇුāļēේ space-saving āļāļ´ාංāļ
āˇāļŗāˇාāļē — laptops, cameras, tablets āˇැāļąි compact
devices. āļāˇා standard ports āˇāļŊāļ§
āˇāļŠා āļුāļŠා āļąāļ¸ුāļ් signal compatibility āļļොāˇෝāˇිāļ§ āļģāļŗා
āļ´āˇāļී.
Mini VGA
|
āļŊāļ්āˇāļĢāļē |
āˇිāˇ්āļāļģāļē |
|
Type |
Analog video |
|
Size |
Smaller than
standard VGA (USB-port sized) |
|
Used In |
Older Apple iBooks,
HP Minis, Samsung Chromebooks |
|
Compatibility |
Requires adapter to
connect to standard VGA |
|
Status |
Obsolete — replaced
by Mini-DVI, Mini DisplayPort |
đš Mini VGA ports were proprietary
and varied by brand. Though electrically similar to VGA, adapters were required
for standard displays.
Mini DVI vs Micro DVI
|
Port Type |
Size |
Used In |
Signal Type |
Notes |
|
Mini DVI |
Mid-size |
Apple iMac, MacBook |
Digital only |
Replaced Mini VGA |
|
Micro DVI |
Very small |
1st-gen MacBook Air |
Digital only |
Short-lived,
replaced by Mini DisplayPort |
đš Both were Apple-specific
connectors. Micro DVI was even smaller than Mini DVI and supported only DVI-D
signals.
Mini HDMI vs Micro
HDMI
|
Port Type |
Size |
Dimensions |
Used In |
Notes |
|
Mini HDMI (Type-C) |
Medium |
10.42 × 2.42 mm |
Cameras, tablets,
Raspberry Pi |
Full HDMI features |
|
Micro HDMI (Type-D) |
Smallest |
6.4 × 2.8 mm |
Smartphones, GoPro,
compact devices |
Full HDMI features,
less common now |
đš Despite their size,
both support HDMI 2.0/2.1 features, including audio + video, CEC,
and Ethernet. Only the connector shape differs.
Summary Table
|
Port |
Signal |
Size |
Common Devices |
Status |
|
Mini VGA |
Analog |
Medium |
Old laptops |
Obsolete |
|
Mini DVI |
Digital |
Medium |
Apple Macs |
Obsolete |
|
Micro DVI |
Digital |
Small |
MacBook Air |
Obsolete |
|
Mini HDMI |
Digital A+V |
Medium |
Cameras, tablets |
Active |
|
Micro HDMI |
Digital A+V |
Small |
GoPro, phones |
Active but fading |
13.
Composite Video Port — āļāļිāˇාāˇāļē āˇāˇ āˇිāˇේāˇාංāļ
āļāļිāˇාāˇāļē
- āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē
āˇීāļ¸: 1954–1956 āļ
āļāļģ, color TV signal āļāļāļ් analog format āļāļāļිāļą් āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģේāˇāļĢāļē
āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා.
- āļ´āˇ
āļ¸ු
āļˇාāˇිāļāļē: NTSC, PAL, SECAM TV systems āˇāļŗāˇා
standard-definition video (SD) āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļąāļē.
- Connector
Type: āˇාāļ¸ාāļą්āļēāļēෙāļą් yellow RCA plug āļāļāļ් — video āˇāļŗāˇා āļ´āļ¸āļĢි. Audio āˇāļŗāˇා red/white RCA plugs āˇෙāļąāļ¸ āļˇාāˇිāļා
āˇේ.
- āˇිāļාāˇāļą
āļąාāļ¸āļē: CVBS (Composite Video Baseband Signal) — color, video, blanking,
sync.
āļාāļ්āˇāļĢිāļ āˇිāˇේāˇාංāļ
|
āļŊāļ්āˇāļĢāļē |
āˇිāˇ්āļāļģāļē |
|
Signal Type |
Analog video only |
|
Resolution Support |
480i (NTSC), 576i
(PAL) — interlaced SD |
|
Connector Types |
RCA (consumer), BNC
(professional) |
|
Color Encoding |
NTSC, PAL, SECAM |
|
Audio Support |
āļąැāļ — audio cables āˇෙāļąāļ¸ āļ
āˇāˇ්āļēāļēි |
|
Compatibility |
VCRs, DVD players,
retro game consoles, CCTV systems |
āļāļ´āļģිāļ¸ āļේāļļāļŊ් āļ¯ිāļ
|
āļේāļļāļŊ āˇāļģ්āļāļē |
āļāļ´āļģිāļ¸ āļ¯ිāļ |
āˇිāˇ්āļāļģāļē |
|
Standard RCA cable |
~15m (50 ft) |
Signal degradation āļāļි āˇිāļē āˇැāļිāļēි |
|
High-quality RG59 coaxial cable |
~100m (328 ft) |
CCTV systems āˇāļŗāˇා āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇේ |
|
With signal boosters |
~300m (984 ft) |
Professional setups
āˇāļŗāˇා — projector systems, AV routing |
Note: āļ¯ිāļ āˇැāļŠි āˇීāļ¸āļ් āˇāļ¸āļ signal
quality āļ
āļŠුāˇීāļ¸āļ් āļāļි āˇිāļē āˇැāļිāļēි — dot crawl, color
bleeding āˇැāļąි artifacts.
āļˇාāˇිāļāļē
- Retro
video systems: VHS, Betamax, LaserDisc
- Gaming
consoles: Nintendo 64, PlayStation 1
- CCTV/DVR
systems: analog surveillance
- Projectors: legacy
AV setups
- TVs/DVD
players: compatibility with older devices
āˇාāˇි āˇāˇ āļ
āˇාāˇි
|
āˇාāˇිāļē |
āļ
āˇාāˇිāļē |
|
āˇāļģāļŊ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļ — RCA plug |
Low resolution only
(SD) |
|
āˇිāˇාāļŊ compatibility |
Signal compression
— poor color fidelity |
|
āļ
āļŠු āˇිāļēāļ¯āļ¸ |
Audio connection āˇෙāļąāļ¸ āļ
āˇāˇ්āļēāļēි |
|
Legacy support |
Electrical
interference āˇāˇ dot crawl artifacts |
Composite video ports
āļ¯ැāļą් āļ´āļģāļĢ āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļēāļ් āļŊෙ⎠āˇැāļŊāļේ. āļąāˇ āļāļ´ාංāļ HDMI,
DisplayPort, Component Video āˇැāļąි digital interfaces āļˇාāˇිāļා āļāļģāļēි. āļąāļ¸ුāļ් composite ports āļāˇāļ¸āļ් retro
compatibility āˇāļŗāˇා HDTVs āˇāˇ DVRs
āˇāļŊ āļāļ.
14.
S-Video Port (Separate Video Port)
āļāļිāˇාāˇāļē
- āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē
āˇීāļ¸: 1987 (JVC āˇිāˇිāļą් Super VHS format āˇāļŗāˇා)
- āļ
āļģāļ¸ුāļĢ:
Composite video āˇāļŊ color distortion āˇāˇ dot crawl āˇැāļąි artifacts āļ
āļŠු āļිāļģීāļ¸
- Signal
Separation: Luminance (Y – brightness) āˇāˇ Chrominance
(C – color) āˇෙāļą්⎠āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģේāˇāļĢāļē āļිāļģීāļ¸
S-Video āļēāļąු analog
video format āļāļāļ් āˇāļą āļ
āļāļģ, standard-definition
(SD) video āˇāļŗāˇා āļˇාāˇිāļ āˇේ.
Port Structure | āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļ āˇ්āļēුāˇāļē
|
Pin |
Function |
Sinhala |
|
1 |
Ground (Y) |
āļˇූāļ¸ිāļා⎠(āļ´්āļģāļˇාāˇāļē) |
|
2 |
Ground (C) |
āļˇූāļ¸ිāļා⎠(āˇāļģ්āļĢāļē) |
|
3 |
Y – Luminance |
āļ´්āļģāļˇා⎠āˇංāļේāļāļē |
|
4 |
C – Chrominance |
āˇāļģ්āļĢ āˇංāļේāļāļē |
đ¸Connector Type: 4-pin Mini-DIN (Circular port with small holes)
đ¸ Sometimes: 7-pin or 9-pin variants (for
extended compatibility)
āļāļ´āļģිāļ¸ āļේāļļāļŊ් āļ¯ිāļ |
Maximum Cable Length
|
Cable Type |
Max Length |
Notes |
|
Standard S-Video Cable |
~5 meters |
Signal degradation
beyond this |
|
Shielded High-Quality Cable |
~10–15 meters |
Better color
fidelity |
|
With Amplifier/Extender |
~30 meters |
Requires active
boosting |
Audio signal S-Video āļ¸āļිāļą් āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģේāˇāļĢāļē āļąොāˇේ — RCA cables āļˇාāˇිāļා
āļāˇ
āļēුāļුāļē.
āļˇාāˇිāļāļē | Applications
- DVD
Players, VCRs, Camcorders
- Retro
Gaming Consoles (Nintendo 64, PlayStation 2)
- Older
TVs āˇāˇ Projectors
- CCTV
DVRs (Analog systems)
āˇාāˇි āˇāˇ āļ
āˇාāˇි | Pros & Cons
|
āˇාāˇිāļē |
āļ
āˇාāˇිāļē |
|
Composite video āļ§ āˇāļŠා āļāļ්āļ්āˇāļē āļāˇāˇ
āļēි |
Audio āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļąāļēāļ් āļąොāļ¸ැāļ |
|
Dot crawl artifacts
āļ
āļŠු āˇේ |
Digital formats āˇāļŊāļ§ āˇāļŠා resolution āļ
āļŠුāļēි |
|
Simple plug &
play |
Modern TVs āˇāļŊිāļą් āļ
āļුāļģුāļ¯āļą් āˇී āļāļ |
S-Video ports āļ¯ැāļą් āļ´āļģāļĢ āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļēāļ් āļŊෙ⎠āˇැāļŊāļේ. āļąāˇ āļāļ´ාංāļ HDMI,
DisplayPort āˇැāļąි digital interfaces āļˇාāˇිāļා
āļāļģāļēි. āļąāļ¸ුāļ් retro compatibility āˇāļŗāˇා S-Video
āļāˇāļ¸āļ් āˇැāļ¯āļāļ් āˇේ — āˇිāˇේāˇāļēෙāļą් retro gaming āˇāˇ analog video archiving āˇāļŗāˇා.
15.
FireWire Port (IEEE 1394)
āļ
āļģāļ¸ුāļĢ: āļŠිāļĸිāļ§āļŊ් āļāļ´ාංāļ āļ
āļāļģ āļāļා āˇේāļāˇāļ් āļ¯āļ්āļ
āˇුāˇāļ¸ාāļģු⎠āˇāļŗāˇා
āļāļිāˇාāˇāļē āˇāˇ āˇāļģ්āļ°āļąāļē
- āˇංāˇāļģ්āļ°āļąāļē
āļāˇ
ේ: Apple āˇāļ¸ාāļāļ¸ (1980 āļ¯āˇāļāļēේ
āļ
āļāļˇාāļāļēේāļ¯ී)
- āˇāļ¸්āļ¸āļ
āļāˇ
ේ: IEEE 1394 āļŊෙ⎠1995 āļ¯ී
- āˇෙāļąāļ්
āļąāļ¸්: Sony – i.LINK, Texas Instruments – Lynx
āļ
āļąුāˇාāļ¯ āˇāˇ āˇේāļāļē
|
āļ
āļąුāˇාāļ¯āļē |
āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļ āˇāļģ්āļāļē |
āļāļ´āļģිāļ¸ āˇේāļāļē |
āˇāļ§āˇāļą් |
|
FireWire 400 |
4-pin / 6-pin |
400 Mbps āļ¯āļ්āˇා |
āļ¸ුāļŊ් āļ
āļąුāˇාāļ¯āļē |
|
FireWire 800 |
9-pin |
800 Mbps āļ¯āļ්āˇා |
āˇේāļāˇāļ්, āļ´āļģāļĢ
āļāļ´ාංāļ āˇāļ¸āļ āļąොāļැāļŊāļ´ේ |
|
S1600 / S3200 |
Optical/Cat5 |
3.2 Gbps āļ¯āļ්āˇා |
āļ
āˇෘāļ්āļීāļē āļˇාāˇිāļāļēāļ§ |
āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļ āˇ්āļēුāˇāļē
- 4-pin: āˇිāļ¯ුāļŊි
āļļāļŊāļē āļąොāļ¸ැāļ
- 6-pin: āˇිāļ¯ුāļŊි
āļļāļŊāļē āˇāˇිāļ (30V āļ¯āļ්āˇා)
- 9-pin: FireWire 800 āˇāļŗāˇා, full-duplex
- Hot-swappable: āļāļ´ාංāļ āļąැāˇāļ āļāļģāļ¸්āļˇ āļිāļģීāļ¸āļිāļą් āļොāļģ⎠āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļāˇ
āˇැāļ
- Daisy-chaining: āļāļ´ාංāļ 63āļ් āļ¯āļ්āˇා āļāļāļ§ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļāˇ
āˇැāļ
āļˇාāˇිāļāļē
- āļŠිāļĸිāļ§āļŊ්
āļැāļ¸āļģාāˇāļą්
- āļļාāˇිāļģ
āļ¯ෘāļŠ āļැāļ§ිāļēāļą්
- Audio interfaces
- āˇෘāļ්āļීāļē
āˇීāļŠිāļēෝ āļāļ´āļāļģāļĢ
- Macintosh āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļ
(1999–2011)
āˇාāˇි āˇāˇ āļ
āˇාāˇිāļē
|
āˇාāˇි |
āļ
āˇාāˇි |
|
Real-time video/audio transfer |
USB āˇāļŊāļ§ āˇāļŠා āˇිāļēāļ¯āļ¸් āˇැāļŠිāļēි |
|
āˇිāˇ්āˇාāˇāļ¯ාāļēāļ āˇේāļāļē |
āļąāˇ āļāļ´ාංāļāˇāļŊ āˇāˇāļē āļąොāļ¸ැāļ |
|
āˇිāļ¯ුāļŊි āļļāļŊāļē āˇāˇ āļ¯āļ්āļ āļāļāļ¸ āļේāļļāļŊāļēāļිāļą් |
Thunderbolt āˇāˇ USB 3.0 āˇිāˇිāļą්
āļ´්āļģāļිāˇ්āļ¨ාāļ´ිāļāļēි |
FireWire āļ¯ැāļą් āļļොāˇෝ āļ´āļģිāļˇෝāļĸāļ āļāļ´ාංāļāˇāļŊිāļą් āļ
āļුāļģුāļ¯āļą් āˇී āļāļ, āļąāļ¸ුāļ් āˇෘāļ්āļීāļē āļ¸ාāļ°්āļē āļąිāˇ්āļ´ාāļ¯āļąāļē āˇāļŗāˇා āļāˇāļ¸āļ් āˇිāˇ්āˇාāˇāļ¯ාāļēāļ āˇේ. āļāˇි āļāļģුāļ¸āļē Thunderbolt
āˇැāļąි āļąāˇ āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļēāļą් āļුāˇ
āļ¯ිāļ āˇැāļģෙāļēි.
16.
LAN Port (Ethernet Port)
āļ
āļģāļ¸ුāļĢ: āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļ, āļģāˇුāļ§āļģ, āˇ්āˇිāļ ්, DVR āˇැāļąි
āļāļ´ාංāļ āļ
āļāļģ āļ¯āļ්āļ āˇුāˇāļ¸ාāļģු⎠āˇāļŗāˇා
āļāļිāˇාāˇāļē | History
- 1980s:
Ethernet protocol āļāļ Xerox, Intel, āˇāˇ DEC āˇāļ¸ාāļāļ¸් āļāļāļ§ āˇංāˇāļģ්āļ°āļąāļē āļāˇ
ේāļē
- 1983: IEEE
802.3 āļŊෙ⎠āˇāļ¸්āļ¸āļ āˇිāļē
- 1990s: RJ-45
LAN ports āˇාāļ¸ාāļą්āļē āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāˇāļŊ āˇāˇ āļĸාāļŊ āļāļ´ාංāļāˇāļŊ āļˇාāˇිāļāļēāļ§
āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļĢිāļē
- āļ
āļ¯: Gigabit Ethernet (1 Gbps) āˇāˇ 10
Gigabit Ethernet (10 Gbps) āˇැāļąි āˇේāļāˇāļ් āļ
āļąුāˇාāļ¯
āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļē | Technology
- Connector
Type: RJ-45 (8-pin modular connector)
- Protocol: IEEE
802.3 Ethernet
- Data
Transfer Rates:
- Fast
Ethernet – 100 Mbps
- Gigabit
Ethernet – 1 Gbps
- 10
Gigabit Ethernet – 10 Gbps
- Cable
Types:
- Cat5e –
1 Gbps āļ¯āļ්āˇා
- Cat6 –
10 Gbps (āļෙāļ§ි āļ¯ුāļģ)
- Cat7 /
Cat8 – āˇෘāļ්āļීāļē āļˇාāˇිāļāļēāļ§
āļāļ´āļģිāļ¸ āļේāļļāļŊ් āļ¯ිāļ | Maximum Cable Length
|
Cable Category |
Max Length |
Speed |
Notes |
|
Cat5e |
100m |
1 Gbps |
āˇාāļ¸ාāļą්āļē āļˇාāˇිāļāļēāļ§ āˇුāļ¯ුāˇුāļēි |
|
Cat6 |
55m–100m |
10 Gbps |
55m āļ¯āļ්āˇා 10 Gbps; 100m āļ¯āļ්āˇා
1 Gbps |
|
Cat7 |
~100m |
10+ Gbps |
Shielding āˇොāļŗāļēි, interference āļ
āļŠුāļēි |
|
Cat8 |
~30m |
25–40 Gbps |
Data centers āˇāļŗāˇා āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļ් |
100m (328 feet) āļēāļąු standard Ethernet cable
āļāļāļ āļāļ´āļģිāļ¸ āļ¯ිāļ āˇේ — āļāļēāļ§ āˇāļŠා āļ¯ිāļ āļේāļļāļŊ් āˇāļŗāˇා signal
boosters āˇෝ switches āļ
āˇāˇ්āļē āˇේ.
āļˇාāˇිāļāļē | Common Uses
- āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļ āˇāˇ āļŊැāļ´්āļ§ොāļ´්
- āļģāˇුāļ§āļģ් āˇāˇ āˇ්āˇිāļ ්
- IP āļැāļ¸āļģා / DVR
- POS
systems
- Smart
TVs āˇāˇ IoT āļāļ´ාංāļ
āˇාāˇිāļē āˇāˇ āļ
āˇාāˇිāļē
|
āˇාāˇි |
āļ
āˇාāˇි |
|
āˇේāļāˇāļ් āˇāˇ āˇිāˇ්āˇාāˇāļ¯ාāļēāļ āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļąāļē |
Wi-Fi āˇැāļąි āļĸංāļāļ¸āļා⎠āļąොāļ¸ැāļ |
|
Low latency (ping āļ
āļŠුāļēි) |
āļ¯ිāļ āˇැāļŠි āˇුāˇāˇොāļ් signal degrade āˇේ |
|
Plug & play simplicity |
Physical wiring āļ
āˇāˇ්āļēāļēි |
Network
Chip
Network Chip āļēāļąු
āļāļ´ාංāļāļēāļ data communication āˇāļŗāˇා āļˇාāˇිāļ āˇāļą integrated
circuit (IC) āļāļāļි.
āļ¸ෙāļē Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 5G āˇැāļąි
āļĸාāļŊ āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļēāļą් āˇāļŗāˇා signal processing, packet routing, āˇāˇ protocol
handling āˇිāļ¯ු
āļāļģāļēි.
āļāļිāˇාāˇāļē
|
History
- 1980s:
Ethernet controller chips introduced for LAN cards
- 1990s: Wi-Fi
chipsets emerge for wireless networking
- 2000s:
Network-on-Chip (NoC) concept introduced for SoC integration
- 2020s:
AI-powered network chips for cloud, edge computing, and 5G infrastructure
āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļē
|
Technology
|
Chip Type |
Function |
Examples |
|
Ethernet Controller |
Wired LAN communication |
Intel i219, Realtek RTL8111 |
|
Wi-Fi Chipset |
Wireless LAN (802.11) |
Qualcomm Atheros, Broadcom |
|
Bluetooth Chip |
Short-range wireless |
CSR, Nordic Semiconductor |
|
5G Modem Chip |
Mobile broadband |
Snapdragon X70, MediaTek Helio |
|
Network-on-Chip (NoC) |
Internal data routing in SoCs |
Used in multicore processors |
đš NoC
(Network-on-Chip) is a router-based packet switching system inside a chip,
connecting CPU cores, memory, and peripherals efficiently.
āļˇාāˇිāļāļē
|
Applications
- Computers
& Laptops: Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth chips
- Smartphones:
Integrated Wi-Fi, 4G/5G modems
- Routers
& Switches: High-performance network processors
- IoT
Devices: Low-power wireless chips
- Data
Centers: AI-optimized network chips (e.g., Broadcom
Jericho4)
āļąāˇ
āļ´්āļģāˇāļĢāļා | Emerging Trends
- AI-accelerated
networking: Real-time routing, congestion control
- Microwave
neural chips: Wireless + computation in one chip
- Edge
computing: Low-power chips for smartwatches, wearables
- Network-on-Chip
(NoC): Scalable interconnects for multicore SoCs
17.
Fiber Optic Network Port | āˇāļēිāļļāļģ් āļāļ´්āļ§ිāļ් āļĸාāļŊ āļ´ෝāļģ්āļ§්
A fiber optic network port is a physical interface on a device (router, switch,
ONU, etc.) used to connect fiber optic cables for high-speed data transmission
using light signals.
āˇāļēිāļļāļģ් āļāļ´්āļ§ිāļ් āļĸාāļŊ āļ´ෝāļģ්āļ§් āļēāļąු āļĸාāļŊ āļāļ´ාංāļāļēāļ (āļāļ¯ා: āļģāˇුāļ§āļģāļē,
āˇ්āˇිāļ āļē, ONU) āļāļි āļˇෞāļිāļ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļāļēāļි.
āļ¸ෙāļē āˇāļēිāļļāļģ් āļේāļļāļŊ් āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļāļģāļ¸ිāļą් āļāļŊෝāļ āˇංāļĨා āļˇාāˇිāļāļēෙāļą් āļ¯āļ්āļ āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģේāˇāļĢāļē āˇිāļ¯ු āļāļģāļēි.
Port Types | āļ´ෝāļģ්āļ§්
āˇāļģ්āļ
|
Port Type |
Description |
Use Case |
|
SC (Subscriber Connector) |
Square shape, push-pull |
Enterprise LAN, WAN |
|
LC (Lucent Connector) |
Small form factor |
Data centers |
|
ST (Straight Tip) |
Round, twist-lock |
Industrial use |
|
FC (Ferrule Connector) |
Threaded, vibration-resistant |
Precision networks |
|
MTP/MPO |
Multi-fiber, high density |
Cloud & backbone networks |
Function & Features | āļ්āļģිāļēාāļාāļģිāļ්āˇāļē āˇāˇ āˇිāˇේāˇāļා
- High-speed
transmission (1Gbps to 100Gbps+)
- Low
signal loss over long distances
- Electromagnetic
interference resistance
- Secure
data transfer (hard to tap or intercept)
- Supports
full-duplex communication
Applications | āļˇාāˇිāļāļē
- Data Centers:
High-bandwidth backbone links
- Telecom
Networks: FTTH, GPON, OLT/ONU systems
- Enterprise
LAN/WAN: Reliable internal networking
- Military
& Industrial: Rugged, interference-free links
- Smart
Cities & IoT: Backbone for sensors and control systems
Transmission Distance | āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģේāˇāļĢ āļ¯ුāļģ
|
Fiber Type |
Max Distance |
Notes |
|
Single-mode |
Up to 40 km+ |
Long-distance, narrow core |
|
Multi-mode |
Up to 2 km |
Short-range, wider core |
Advantages | āˇාāˇි
- āļāļා āˇේāļāˇāļ් (High speed)
- āļ¯ිāļු āļ¯ුāļģ āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģේāˇāļĢāļē
(Long-distance transmission)
- āļ
āļŠු signal
loss
- EMI resistance (Electromagnetic
interference)
- āļāļģāļ්āˇිāļ āļ¯āļ්āļ āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģේāˇāļĢāļē
18. eSATA Port | āļļාāˇිāļģ SATA āļ´ෝāļģ්āļ§්
eSATA āļēāļąු āļļාāˇිāļģ Serial ATA āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļāļēāļි. āļ¸ෙāļē āļļාāˇිāļģ āļ¯āļ්āļ āļāļļāļŠා āļāļ´ාංāļ (āļāļ¯ා: Hard Drives,
SSDs) āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°
āļිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇේ. āļ¸ෙāļē āļāļා
āˇේāļāˇāļ් SATA protocol āļāļ
āļˇාāˇිāļා āļāļģāļēි.
āˇිāˇේāˇāļා | Key Features
- High-speed
data transfer: Up to 6 Gbps (SATA III standard)
- No
signal conversion: Faster than USB 2.0 and FireWire
- Supports
external drives: HDD, SSD, Optical Drives
- Cable
length: Up to 2 meters (longer than internal SATA)
- Does not
provide power: Requires separate power cable unless using
eSATAp
eSATA vs SATA
vs USB
|
Feature |
eSATA |
SATA (Internal) |
USB 3.0 |
|
Speed |
Up to 6 Gbps |
Up to 6 Gbps |
Up to 5 Gbps |
|
Power Supply |
❌ No |
✅ Yes |
✅ Yes |
|
Cable Length |
Up to 2m |
Up to 1m |
Up to 3m |
|
Use Case |
External drives |
Internal drives |
General devices |
eSATAp Port |
Hybrid Port
- Combines
eSATA + USB in one port
- Supplies
power + data through same connector
- Ideal
for laptops and portable setups
- Known as
EUHP (eSATA USB Hybrid Port)
āļˇාāˇිāļāļē | Applications
- Video
Editing: High-speed external HDDs
- Backup
Systems: Reliable external storage
- Media
Production: Fast access to large files
- Enterprise
Storage: External RAID arrays
- Legacy
Laptops: Some older models include eSATA ports
āˇāļģ්āļŽāļ¸ාāļą āļāļ්āˇāļē | Current Status of eSATA Port
āļ´්āļģāļ°ාāļą āļ´්āļģāˇāļĢāļාāˇāļē | General Trend
- Declining
usage: Most modern laptops and desktops no longer include eSATA ports.
- Replaced
by USB 3.1/3.2, Thunderbolt, NVMe: These offer faster speeds, power delivery, and
broader compatibility.
- Legacy
support only: eSATA is now mostly found in older systems or
enterprise-grade external storage setups.
āļāˇāļ¸āļ් āļˇාāˇිāļ āˇāļą āļ
āˇāˇ්āļŽා |
Still-Active Use Cases
- External
RAID enclosures: Some enterprise setups still use eSATA for
direct-attached storage.
- Video
editing workstations: Legacy systems with high-speed external HDDs.
- Dual-function
ports (eSATAp): Found in older laptops, combining USB + eSATA.
āˇීāļ¸ාāˇāļą් | Limitations
Today
- No power delivery (unless using eSATAp)
- Limited cable length (max ~2m)
- No native support for hot-swapping in all
systems
- Not supported in most modern chipsets or
OS updates
Alternatives
|
Port Type |
Speed |
Power Delivery |
Common Use |
|
USB 3.2 |
Up to 20 Gbps |
✅ Yes |
External drives, flash storage |
|
Thunderbolt 4 |
Up to 40 Gbps |
✅ Yes |
High-end storage, displays |
|
NVMe (via USB-C) |
Ultra-fast |
✅ Yes |
Portable SSDs |
19.
Power eSATA | eSATAp Port (External SATA + Power)
Power eSATA (eSATAp) āļēāļąු āļ¯āļ්āļ āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģේāˇāļĢāļē āˇāˇ āˇිāļ¯ුāļŊි
āļļāļŊāļē āļāļāļ¸ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļāļēāļිāļą් āļŊāļļාāļ¯ෙāļą āļ´ෝāļģ්āļ§් āļāļāļි. āļ¸ෙāļē USB āˇāˇ eSATA āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļāļēāļą් āļāļāļ§ āļāļ් āļāļģāļēි,
āļāļ¸āļිāļą් āļļාāˇිāļģ drive āļāļāļāļ§ āˇෙāļąāļ¸ power
adapter āļāļāļ් āļ
āˇāˇ්āļē āļąොāˇේ.
āˇිāˇේāˇāļා |
Key Features
- Power + Data in one port
- Supports both USB and eSATA
connectors
- Supplies 5V and 12V (depending on
device and system)
- Ideal for portable external drives
- Not widely available in modern
laptops/desktops
Comparison Table
|
Feature |
eSATA |
eSATAp (Power eSATA) |
USB 3.0 |
|
Data Speed |
Up to 6 Gbps |
Up to 6 Gbps |
Up to 5 Gbps |
|
Power Delivery |
No |
Yes (5V/12V) |
Yes |
|
Connector Type |
eSATA only |
Combo (USB + eSATA) |
USB-A or USB-C |
|
Use Case |
External drives with separate power |
Portable drives |
General devices |
āļˇාāˇිāļāļē |
Applications
- Laptop
ports (older models): Combo port for USB or eSATA
- External
HDD/SSD enclosures: Power + data via one cable
- RAID
systems: Simplified cabling
- Field
data collection: Portable setups without external power
āˇීāļ¸ාāˇāļą්
- Not all systems support 12V power
(especially laptops)
- Requires special eSATAp cable
- Becoming rare in newer devices —
replaced by USB-C, Thunderbolt
20.
Bluetooth Port
āļļ්āļŊූāļ§ූāļ් āļ´ෝāļģ්āļ§් āļēāļąු āļģේāļŠිāļēෝ āļāļģංāļ āļˇාāˇිāļāļēෙāļą් āļāļ´ාංāļ
āļ
āļāļģ āļ¯āļ්āļ āˇුāˇāļ¸ාāļģු āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා āļˇාāˇිāļ āˇāļą āļģැāˇැāļą් āļģāˇිāļ āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļą āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļිāļēāļි. āļ¸ෙāļē physical port āļāļāļ් āļąොāˇ, software
+ hardware āļāļāļ§ āļ
āļēāļ් virtual port āļāļāļි.
Key Features | āˇිāˇේāˇāļා
- Wireless
range: Typically 10m (Class 2), up to 100m (Class 1)
- Frequency: 2.4 GHz ISM band
- Data rate: Varies by version
(e.g., Bluetooth 5.0 = up to 2 Mbps)
- Profiles: Defines functionality
(e.g., audio, file transfer, HID)
- Low power consumption (especially
Bluetooth Low Energy)
Bluetooth Versions
|
Version |
Speed |
Range |
Notes |
|
2.0 + EDR |
3 Mbps |
~10m |
Basic audio & file transfer |
|
4.0 (BLE) |
1 Mbps |
~50m |
Low energy, sensors |
|
5.0 |
2 Mbps |
~100m |
IoT, smart devices |
|
5.3 |
Enhanced |
~100m+ |
Latest standard (2025) |
Applications | āļˇාāˇිāļāļē
- đ§ Audio Devices: Headphones, speakers
(A2DP, HFP profiles)
- đą️ Input Devices: Keyboards, mice (HID
profile)
- đą Mobile Phones: File sharing, tethering
- đ Smart Home: Sensors, locks, lights
- đ Automotive: Hands-free calling, media
control
Physical Interface | āļˇෞāļිāļ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļāļē
- Bluetooth
Dongle: USB device that adds Bluetooth to PCs
- Built-in
Modules: Found in laptops, phones, tablets
- Combo
Ports: Some devices combine Bluetooth with Wi-Fi chipsets
21.
Wireless Port | āļģැāˇැāļą් āļģāˇිāļ āļ´ෝāļģ්āļ§්
Wireless Port āļēāļąු āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļēāļ
āˇෝ āļĸාāļŊ āļāļ´ාංāļāļēāļ āļāļි āļģැāˇැāļą් āļģāˇිāļ āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļą āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļāļēāļි. āļ¸ෙāļē Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Infrared, NFC āˇැāļąි
āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļēāļą් āļˇාāˇිāļāļēෙāļą් āļේāļļāļŊ් āļģāˇිāļ⎠āļ¯āļ්āļ āˇුāˇāļ¸ාāļģු āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇේ.
āˇāļģ්āļ | Types of Wireless Ports
|
āˇāļģ්āļāļē |
āˇිāˇ්āļāļģāļē |
āļˇාāˇිāļāļē |
|
Wi-Fi Port |
IEEE 802.11 standard; LAN āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļාāˇāļē |
Laptop, router, smart TV |
|
Bluetooth Port |
Short-range; low-power wireless link |
Headphones, mouse, mobile |
|
Infrared (IR) |
Light-based; line-of-sight required |
Remote controls, old phones |
|
NFC Port |
Very short-range; contact-based |
Mobile payments, ID cards |
āˇිāˇේāˇāļා |
Key Features
- āļģැāˇැāļą් āļģāˇිāļ
āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļąāļē
- āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļ āˇāˇ āļĸංāļāļ¸ āļāļ´ාංāļ
āļ
āļāļģ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļාāˇāļē
- āļ
āļŠු āļļāļŊāˇāļ්āļි āļ´āļģිāļˇෝāļĸāļąāļē
(Bluetooth, NFC)
- āļāļා āˇේāļāˇāļ් āļ¯āļ්āļ āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģේāˇāļĢāļē
(Wi-Fi 6, 6E)
- āļ´āļģිāˇීāļŊāļ āļ´āˇāˇුāˇ
āļˇාāˇිāļāļē |
Applications
- Laptop
& Desktop PCs: Wi-Fi and Bluetooth ports for internet and
peripherals
- Smartphones: All
wireless ports integrated
- IoT
Devices: Smart bulbs, sensors, and wearables
- Medical
Equipment: Wireless telemetry and monitoring
- Educational
Tools: Wireless projectors, smart boards
|
āˇාāˇිāļēāļą |
āļ
āˇාāˇි |
|
Cable-free convenience |
Signal interference possible |
|
Mobility and flexibility |
Limited range (Bluetooth, NFC) |
|
Easy setup |
Security vulnerabilities |
22.
Thunderbolt Port
Thunderbolt Port āļēāļąු āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļēāļāļ§ āļāļ´ාංāļ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා āļˇාāˇිāļ
āˇāļą āļāļා āˇේāļāˇāļ්, āļļāˇුāļාāļģ්āļē āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļą āļ´ෝāļģ්āļ§් āļāļāļි. āļ¸ෙāļē Intel āˇāˇ Apple āˇāļ¸ාāļāļ¸් āˇිāˇිāļą් āˇංāˇāļģ්āļ°āļąāļē āļāļģ āļāļි āļ
āļāļģ, DisplayPort, PCI
Express, USB āˇැāļąි āļාāļ්āˇāļĢ āļāļāļ§ āļāļ් āļāļģāļēි.
āļāļිāˇාāˇāļē | History
- Thunderbolt
1 (2011) – 10 Gbps, Mini DisplayPort connector
- Thunderbolt
2 (2013) – 20 Gbps, improved video support
- Thunderbolt
3 (2015) – 40 Gbps, USB-C connector, supports charging
- Thunderbolt
4 (2020) – Enhanced security, universal compatibility
āˇිāˇේāˇāļා | Key Features
- āļāļා āˇේāļāˇāļ් āļ¯āļ්āļ āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģේāˇāļĢāļē – Up to 40 Gbps
- āˇිāļ¯ුāļŊි āļļāļŊāļē āˇැāļ´āļēීāļ¸ – Up to 100W (Power Delivery)
- DisplayPort
āˇāˇ USB-C āļāļāļ§ āļāļ් āļිāļģීāļ¸
- External
GPU, 4K/8K displays, SSDs āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļිāļģීāļ¸
- Daisy
chaining – āļāļ´ාංāļ āļිāˇිāļ´āļēāļ් āļāļāļ¸ port
āļāļāļිāļą් āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļāˇ
āˇැāļ
āļˇාāˇිāļāļē |
Applications
- đģ Laptop & Desktop Computers –
High-speed peripherals
- đĨ Video Editing & Media Production –
External SSDs, displays
- đŽ Gaming – External GPUs
- đĸ Enterprise Workstations – Docking
stations, multiple monitors
- đˇ Creative Professionals – 4K/8K video
transfer, camera interfaces
Thunderbolt vs USB-C
|
Feature |
Thunderbolt 4 |
USB-C 3.2 |
|
Speed |
40 Gbps |
10 Gbps |
|
Power Delivery |
Up to 100W |
Up to 100W |
|
Video Support |
Dual 4K / 8K |
Single 4K |
|
Daisy Chain |
Yes |
No |
|
Compatibility |
USB-C compatible |
USB-C only |
āˇීāļ¸ාāˇāļą් | Limitations
- High
cost – Thunderbolt devices are more expensive
- Requires
certified cables – For full performance
- Not available on all systems –
Mostly premium devices
23.
RJ11 Port
- RJ āļēāļąු “Registered Jack” āļēāļą āˇāļ āļąāļēේ
āˇංāļේāļāļēāļēි.
- RJ11
Port āļāļ āļēāļąු āļ¯ුāļģāļāļŽāļą āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļා āˇāļŗāˇා āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇāļą āļුāļŠා āļ´ෝāļ§්
āļāļāļි.
- āļ¸ෙāļē 6P4C āļŊෙ⎠āˇැāļŗිāļą්āˇේ — āļ
āļģුāļ āˇāļą්āļąේ āļ´ිāļą් 6āļ් āļāļි āļ
āļāļģ āļ āļ
āļāļģිāļą් 4āļ් āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļා āˇāļŗāˇා
āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇේ.
āļ´්āļģāļ°ාāļą āˇිāˇේāˇාංāļ
- āļ¯ුāļģāļāļŽāļą āļģේāļා āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°
āļිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇේ.
- ADSL/VDSL āļ¸ොāļŠāļ¸් āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°
āļිāļģීāļ¸āļ§āļ¯ āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇේ.
- āļේāļļāļŊ් āļāļ āļුāļŠා, āˇāļģāļŊ, āˇāˇ āļ´āˇāˇුāˇෙāļą් āˇāˇිāļāˇ
āˇැāļි āˇීāļ¸.
- RJ11 Port āļāļෙāļą් āˇāļ¸්āļ¸āļ
āˇේāļāļē Mbps 100āļ් āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļ් āˇāˇāļē āļ¯āļ්āˇāļēි.
RJ45 Port āˇāļ¸āļ āˇෙāļąāˇ්āļāļ¸්
|
āˇිāˇේāˇාංāļ |
RJ11 |
RJ45 |
|
āļ´ිāļą් āļāļĢāļą |
6P4C |
8P8C |
|
āļˇාāˇිāļāļē |
āļ¯ුāļģāļāļŽāļą, āļ¸ොāļŠāļ¸් |
āļąෙāļ§්āˇāļģ්āļ්, Ethernet |
|
āˇේāļāļē |
~100 Mbps |
~10 Gbps |
|
āˇිāˇාāļŊāļ්āˇāļē |
āļුāļŠා, āˇāļ§āļුāļģු |
āļ¯ිāļු, āˇෘāļĸු |
|
āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļා |
1-2 |
āļļāˇු
āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļා |
āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇāļą āˇ්āļŽාāļą
- āļąිāˇෙāˇ් āˇāˇ āļාāļģ්āļēාāļŊ āļ¯ුāļģāļāļŽāļą āļģේāļා
- ADSL/VDSL
āļ¸ොāļŠāļ¸් āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļා
- LAN āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļි āˇāļŊāļ¯ී RJ11 Port āļāļ āˇāļ¸āˇāļģāˇිāļ§ āļˇාāˇිāļා
āˇේ (āļąෙāļ§්āˇāļģ්āļ් āļąොāˇ, āļ¯ුāļģāļāļŽāļą āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļා āˇāļŗāˇා)
- RJ11
Port āļāļෙāļą් āļāˇāˇ
āˇේāļ āļąෙāļ§්āˇāļģ්āļ් āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļා āļŊāļļාāļāļ āļąොāˇැāļ.
- RJ11 āļේāļļāļŊ් āļāļ RJ45 Port āļāļāļ§ āˇāˇිāļිāļģීāļ¸ āļąිāˇැāļģāļ¯ි
āļąොāˇේ — āļ¸ෙāļē Port āļāļāļ§ āˇාāļąි āˇිāļē āˇැāļ.
- RJ11
Port āļāļ āļąāˇ āļාāļ්āˇāļĢිāļ āļāļ´āļāļģāļĢāˇāļŊāļ¯ී āļ
āļŠු āˇāˇāļēෙāļą් āļ´ාāˇිāļ ්āļ ි āˇේ.
24.
SCSI Port
SCSI Port āļēāļąු “Small Computer System
Interface” āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļē āļˇාāˇිāļා āļāļģāļą āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļą āļ´ෝāļ§් āļāļāļි. āļ¸ෙāļē
āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļēāļāļ§ āļļāˇු āļāļ´āļāļģāļĢ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇāļą āļāļා āˇිāˇ්āˇාāˇāļ¯ාāļēāļ āˇāˇ āˇේāļāˇāļ් āļ
āļුāļģුāļ¸ුāˇුāļĢāļāļි.
SCSI Port āļāļāļ් āˇāļģāˇා Hard Drives, Scanners,
Printers, āˇāˇ Tape Drives āˇැāļąි āļāļ´āļāļģāļĢ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļāˇ
āˇැāļ.
SCSI Port āļāļේ
āˇිāˇේāˇාංāļ
- āļļāˇු āļāļ´āļāļģāļĢ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°
āļිāļģීāļ¸: āļāļāļ¸ Port āļāļāļ්
āˇāļģāˇා āļāļ´āļāļģāļĢ 7–15āļ් āļ¯āļ්āˇා āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļāˇ
āˇැāļ.
- āļāˇāˇ
āˇේāļāļē:
SCSI Port āļāļෙāļą් 5 Mbps āˇිāļ§ 640
Mbps āļ¯āļ්āˇා āļ¯āļ්āļ āˇāļą්āļąිāˇේāļ¯āļąāļē āļāˇ
āˇැāļ.
- Low CPU Usage: āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļāļēේ
āļ¸ූāļŊිāļ āļ¸āļāļāļē āļˇාāˇිāļා āļිāļģීāļ¸ āļ
āļŠු āˇීāļ¸ āļąිāˇා āļ්āļģිāļēාāļාāļģිāļ්āˇāļē āˇැāļŠි āˇේ.
- Daisy Chaining: āļāļ´āļāļģāļĢ
āļāļිāļą් āļāļ āˇāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļāļģāļ¸ිāļą් āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļිāļēāļ් āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļāˇ
āˇැāļ.
SCSI Port āˇāˇ āļ
āļąෙāļුāļ් Port āļ
āļāļģ āˇෙāļąāˇ්āļāļ¸්
|
āˇිāˇේāˇාංāļ |
SCSI Port |
USB Port |
SATA Port |
|
āļāļ´āļāļģāļĢ āļāļĢāļą |
7–15 |
1 |
1 |
|
āˇේāļāļē |
~640 Mbps |
~480 Mbps (USB 2.0) |
~6 Gbps (SATA III) |
|
āļˇාāˇිāļāļē |
āˇෘāļ්āļීāļē
āļāļ´āļāļģāļĢ |
āļ´ාāļģිāļˇෝāļිāļ
āļāļ´āļāļģāļĢ |
Internal Drives |
|
āˇāˇිāļිāļģීāļ¸ |
āˇංāļීāļģ්āļĢ |
āˇāļģāļŊ |
āˇāļģāļŊ |
āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇāļą
āˇ්āļŽාāļą
- Server
Systems – āˇෘāļ්āļීāļē Backup Drives āˇāˇ Tape Libraries
- Medical
Imaging Devices – Scanner āˇāˇ Analyzer āļāļ´āļāļģāļĢ
- Printing
& Publishing – High-resolution Printers
- Legacy
Workstations – āļ´ැāļģāļĢි āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļ āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļි
āˇීāļ¸ා āˇāˇ āļ
āļˇිāļēෝāļ
- āˇāˇිāļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇංāļීāļģ්āļĢāļēි — SCSI
ID, Terminator, BIOS āˇැāļāˇුāļ¸් āļ
āˇāˇ්āļē āˇේ.
- āˇිāļēāļ¯āļ¸ āˇැāļŠි — āˇෘāļ්āļීāļē āļˇාāˇිāļāļēāļ§ āˇāļŠාāļ් āˇුāļ¯ුāˇුāļēි.
- āļąāˇ āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļēāļą් (USB, SATA, NVMe) āˇිāˇිāļą් SCSI
Port āļ´්āļģāļිāˇ්āļŽාāļ´āļąāļē āˇී āļāļ.
āļ
āļ¯
āˇāļą āˇිāļ§ SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļē āˇ්āļēාāļ´්āļāˇ
āļˇාāˇිāļා āļąොāˇෙāļēි — āļąāˇීāļą āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļිāˇāļŊāļ¯ී āļāļē SATA, NVMe, āˇāˇ USB āˇැāļąි āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļēāļą් āˇිāˇිāļą් āļ´්āļģāļිāˇ්āļŽාāļ´āļąāļē
āˇී āļāļ. āļāˇෙāļ්, SCSI āļාāļ්āˇāļĢāļē āļāˇāļ¸āļ් āˇෘāļ්āļීāļē āļ´āļģිāļāļĢāļ
āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļි, āˇෙāļģāˇāļģ්, āˇāˇ Backup
Systems āļුāˇ
āļˇාāˇිāļා āˇේ, āˇිāˇේāˇāļēෙāļą්āļ¸ SAS
(Serial Attached SCSI) āļāļාāļģāļēෙāļą්.
[2] https://tecnobits.com/en/What-is-a-VGA-port-and-what-is-it-for
[3] https://computermesh.com/types-and-difference-between-dvi-a-dvi-d-dvi-i/
[4]https://www.bing.com/search?q=max+cable+length+for+DVI&toWww=1&redig=C8C8D7462D95406F8E32E387479FBCD2

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